中学化学实验教学的现状及其对大学生实验能力的影响.doc

摘要：化学是一门以实验为基础的学科，化学实验对激发学生兴趣, 培养学生各种能力和提高教学质量有着极其重要的作用。文章对蒙自三中、文澜高中、我校2009、2010、2011级化学专业学生为调查对象，并结合部分地区文献数据，了解中学化学实验的教学现状及其对大学生实验能力的影响 。调查结果表明：（1）多数学生对化学实验有浓厚的学习兴趣, 但是由于升学的压力，学生实验做的少。（2）学校实验室的师资力量薄弱，学生实验操作技能及实验规范性等都相对较差。（3）教师对化学实验的安排不当, 使得学生独立操作实验的机会少，导致学生缺乏动手能力和探究能力从而很少有学生会对生活中的化学现象进行探究和实践，不会用化学知识解决生活中的问题。（4）多数大学生都认为中学化学实验的开展情况对自己现在的实验能力帮助很大，很重要。争对这些调查结果提出完善中学化学实验教学的几点建议：（1）完善实验室的硬件设施与管理；（2）转变师生对做化学实验教学的态度与认识；（3）激发学生学习化学实验的兴趣；（4）加强学生对生活中化学现象的观察与探究。

关键词：中学化学实验；教学现状；调查与分析；影响

ABSTRACT：Chemistry is a discipline based on experiment, chemistry experiments as an important role to stimulate students' interests, train students' capabilities and improve the quality of teaching quality. The paper with the students in Wenlan high school, third junior middle school in city of Mengzi and grade of 2009, 2010, 2011 in my school as investigation object of the research, combined with the data about some areas, understand the present situation of middle school chemical experiment teaching and its effects on students ' experimental ability. Survey results show that: (1) Most of the students of chemistry have a strong interest in learning, but due to the pressure of studies, students do less. (2) The school lab teachers weak students experimental skills and the normative, is relatively poor. (3) Teachers' improper arrangement of chemical experiment, students operate independently of experimental opportunities, resulting in students ' lack of ability and so few students are students' exploring ability to explore and practice the chemical phenomena in the life, does not use chemistry to solve life's problems. (4) Most students think of chemical experiment in middle school to now experimental ability was a great help, is important. These findings make several recommendations for improvement chemical experiment teaching in middle school: (1) Improve the laboratory facilities and management. (2) Changing attitude and understanding of the chemistry experiment teaching between teacher and students. (3) Stimulate students ' interest in learning chemistry experiments (4) Strengthening students for lives in the observation and research of chemical phenomena.

Keywords: High school chemistry experiment; Teaching situation; Investigation and analysis; Influence