摘要:本研究是针对乳腺癌患者，从自我意象角度，分析女性体态变化对心理影响的一个质化研究。我们选择了2名乳腺癌术后患者，对其进行了半结构式访谈，根据自我意象的相关理论，探讨了乳腺癌术后患者的体态变化对其心理状况的影响，并在此基础上，有针对性地提出了促进乳腺癌病人术后康复、提高其自我意象水平的几点措施。
本研究的结果发现：乳腺癌术后患者的焦虑、抑郁水平高于健康人群，并与自我意象水平呈负相关。乳腺癌术后患者的自我意象水平普遍低于健康人群，影响乳腺癌患者自我意象水平的因素包括年龄因素、经济因素、婚姻因素、化疗次数、手术方式的选择等。
据此，我们建议：(1)在临床工作中加强对自我意象紊乱的筛查，对自我意象紊乱的患者进行护理干预，尤其要注意年纪轻、经济条件差、对婚姻不满、配偶的态度差、对术后性生活不满意的患者。(2)通过护理干预，指导患者减轻焦虑抑郁，提高自我意象水平。
关键词： 乳腺癌 自我意象 质化研究
Abstract:This research is a qualitative research aims at the body image to breast cancer patients after surgery in the society．Through structured interviews, the author chose two breast cancer patients to explore the factors related to body image in breast cancer patients after surgery and identify the relationship between posture change and psychological situation. Meanwhile, the study tries to reveal the postoperative rehabilitation measures to instruct clients.
According to the results of the study, the level of anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients after surgery was higher than that of the healthy people and negatively corrected with the level of body image． The level of body image in breast cancer after surgery was lower than that of the healthy people．The related factors which are corrected with the level of body image include age, wealth, marriage, chemotherapy times and the way of surgery.
It is necessary to care more about those who are younger women, lower average income, dissatisfaction with stature，marriage，spouse and sexual life after surgery．Nurses should do some intervention to guide patients to relieve themselves and elevate their body image．
Key words：Breast cancer, body image, a qualitative research
通过本研究，我们希望可以从自我意象角度，探讨乳腺癌术后患者的体态变化对其心理状况的影响，并深入研究影响自我意象水平的相关因素，了解不同时间的自我意象水平，并采取相关措施有针对性地指导病人的术后康复，减轻她们的心理压力，重建她们对自我意象的认识，增强对社会的适应能力。在一定程度上，不仅对提高乳腺癌患者的生存质量具有重要的临床意义，也有利于临床心理医生，提高自身素质水平，为制定有效的自我意象紊乱的干预措施提供理论依据。同时，本研究资料对乳腺癌患者健康教育的实施也可以起到一定的指导作用。
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