王守仁论良心发生作用的过程_应用心理学.doc

摘要：文章旨在探讨王守仁论良心发生作用的过程的思想。文章在理清良心的含义、良心发生作用观含义的基础上，以汪凤炎等人提出的良心发生作用观为理论依据，整理王守仁的著作，然后采用文本分析等方法，分别从认知观、情感观、意志观、习惯观和整合观五个方面对王守仁眼中的良心发生作用观进行分类归纳。

　　　在认知观上，王守仁认为“良知”来源于个人的内心，应该符合社会道德规范的标准。他利用“亲知”和“信仰知”来培养“良知”，并在确保其导出良心行为的具体做法上，采用了书本知识的学习，教师的教导和用“真己”来约束自己的方法。在情感观上，王守仁认为“良情”通过“谨独”、“恻隐之心”、“真乐”的表现方式，在日常的“喜怒哀乐”中培养，可用调理性情和陶冶情操的具体做法，确保其导出道德行为。在意志观上，王守仁认为“良意”从内心“生”出，通过“立志”来表现，他告诉人们从内心挖掘“良意”，明确自己的意志，自我努力，便可以培养“良意”。他用抑扬诵读和静坐的方法，确保其导出道德行为。在习惯观上，王守仁采用在事上磨练，在日常生活中进行道德修养训练和不急于求成的方法来培养道德习惯，他用详细的规则制定，并明确社会道德规范的做法，来确保其导出道德行为。在整合观上，文章论述了在良心发生作用的过程的四阶段上，王守仁思想的独特之处。

关键词：良心发生作用的过程；良心；王守仁

Abstract：The thesis explores the thought of the process that Wang Shouren's conscience takes effect .To begin with, this paper clarifies the meaning of conscience and the process that conscience takes effect. In Wang Fengyan’s and other’s view as the theoretical basis. After the analysis and comprehensive views of other scholars, the author collected Wang's works. Then with detailed textual analysis, the study categorized the process that conscience takes effect respectively from cognitive view, emotional view, will view, habit view and comprehensive view. 

　　　In cognitive view, Wang Shouren deems innate conscience from individuals inside which should accord with the social ethical standards. He uses "personal knowledge" and "devotional knowledge" to develop “innate conscience”. He ensures that its moral behavior are derived by “innate conscience” with book knowledge learning, teachers' teaching and using "real knowledge" to restrain their own way. In emotional view, Wang Shouren deems that “innate emotion” is expressed by "caution and independence", " sense of compassion： 恻隐之心", "real cheerfulness" and developed in daily life, so that ensure the moral behavior is derived by “innate emotion”. In the will view, “innate will” is from the heart, and performed by determining. He tells people that from inner mining "innate will", define their will, through self efforts to cultivate disposition. He uses reading and sit-ins emphasize the method, ensure it can export moral behavior. In the habit vies, Wang Shouren adopted the way that practicing in the matters, in daily life for moral training and not too pushy way to cultivate moral habit. He details regulations, and clear the practice of social ethics, to ensure that it can export moral behavior. In the comprehensive view, the thesis discusses the process of conscience takes effect in four stages, where Wang Shouren thought unique.  

Key words:  the process that conscience takes effect; conscience; Wang Shouren