权力意识对道德思维的影响_应用心理学.doc

摘要：本研究主要考察了权力意识对道德思维的影响程度，影响方面，并且探讨了如何运用这种影响。研究中主要采用问卷调查法，通过权威人格调查问卷、内隐权力感启动问卷以及道德困境问卷，对某市公检法各系统共147名被试进行了调查。

    道德思维是指导个体对道德问题进行观察，分析，处理，评价等一系列活动的内在心理过程。本实验的切入点在于，预先测试被试的外显权力倾向并将被试分组，随后根据相应分组，在唤起被试的隐性权力意识后，为被试提供一个虚拟的道德困境，通过分析被试在其中作出的道德选择，以及对自身道德选择合理程度的评判，探讨权力意识对道德思维可能产生的影响。

研究结果表明：

（1）权力意识会对道德思维产生显著影响。

（2）高权力倾向的个体被唤起（高、低）隐性权力意识后做出的道德选择有显著差异。

（3）低权力倾向的个体被唤起（高、低）隐性权力意识后做出的道德选择无显著差异。

（4）高（低）权力倾向的个体被唤起（高、低）隐性权力意识后评判的道德选择合理性无显著差异，且对自身的道德选择合理性高度认可。

（5）权力意识对道德思维的影响体现在道德思维的方式上，高权力意识的个体倾向基于规则的道德思维方式，低权力意识的个体倾向基于结果的道德思维方式。

（6）外显权力倾向会对隐性权力意识的唤起造成一定影响，外显低权力倾向的个体不易被唤起隐性高权力意识。

关键词：权力意识； 道德思维； 基于规则； 基于结果

Abstract：The research is mainly about the degree and aspect of power to the influence of moral thinking, and the auther discusses how to take advantage of the influence rationally. The study mainly adopts questionnaire survey,  including Authoritative personality questionnaire, Power consciousness priming questionnaire and Moral dilemma questionnaire, to do experiments to 147 public servants in a city.

    Moral thinking is a kind of internal mental process which guides people to observe, analyze, process and evaluate the moral issues. The point of the research is to group the testees after testing their explicit power tendencies, and to arouse their recessive power tendencies according to the groups, then offers the testees a virtual moral dilemma. Auther discusses the influence of power to moral thinking by analyzing the moral choices and the reasonable degree of the choices made by the testees in the dilemma.

According to the integrative research and data analysis, some conclusions are drawn as follows:

（1）Power has an appreciable impact on moral thinking.

（2）There is a significant difference in moral choices made by the individuals of high power tendency after their recessive power tendencies are awakened.

（3）There is no significant difference in moral choices made by the individuals of low power tendency after their recessive power tendencies are awakened.

（4）There is no significant difference in the reasonable degree of the moral choices after the high or low recessive power tendency of the individuals of high or low explicit power tendency is awakened.

（5）The influence of power to moral thinking is reflected in the way of moral thinking. The individuals of high power tendency lean to use rule-based moral thinking mode, while the individuals of low power tendency trend to use outcome-based moral thinking mode.

（6）The explicit power tendencies have an impact on the evocation of the recessive power tendencies of the individuals. The high recessive power tendency is not easily awakened for the individuals of low explicit power tendency.

Key Words:  power consciousness; moral thinking; rule-based; outcome-based