归纳推理中认知风格与自我卷入水平的相关研究_心理学.doc

摘要：本研究主要探讨归纳推理中个体认知风格的差异和不同的卷入水平对推理结果是否有影响以及两者之有无相关性。研究设计了两种不同卷入水平下的归纳推理任务，分别是自我卷入的避害推理任务和非自我卷入的避害推理任务。实验显示，不同的自我卷入水平——自我我卷入式推理或者非自我卷入式推理——会对推理产生显著影响。结果发现,自我卷入式推理比非自我卷入式推理表现出更强烈的过度推延的特点，而场依存认知风格的被试的这种过度推延则表现的更为显著。

关键词：认知风格 自我卷入 非自我卷入 归纳推理

Abstract：This study focused on the relation between cognitive style and self-involved level in inductive reasoning. The research designed two kinds of inductive reasoning task with different self-involved levels, which were self-involved inductive reasoning task and non-self-involved inductive reasoning task respectively. The experiment demonstrated that different self-involved level ----- self-involved inductive reasoning or non-self-involved inductive reasoning ----- has significant influence on inductive reasoning. The result showed that compared with non-self-involved inductive reasoning, self-involved inductive reasoning displays more intensely over-extension. Moreover, this kind of over-extension of field independent subjects is more remarkable.

Key Words: cognitive style, self-involved, non-self-involved, inductive reasoning

个体是否能根据已有的知识经验，产生出超越已知的新知识，进行归纳推理，从而投入到生活实践当中去，对个体的生存发展适应环境起到至关重要的作用。而个体的场认知风格的稳定性、发展性和渗透性等特点决定了它对人类包括归纳推理在内的高级认知活动有重要影响。在人际交往、学习策略等领域，已有研究发现不同认知风格个体往往采取不同的交往策略或学习策略，如场独立者呈非社会定向特征，对社会线索不敏感，对他人表现得冷漠、苛求、不体谅人、摆布他人、与他人保持距离等。而场依存者则表现社会性定向，喜欢与人有联系的情境，对他人表现得热情、友好、宽容、体谅他人等总之，与场独立者相比，场依存者的社会交往技能发展得更好。如果通过实验研究，能发现认知风格与归纳推理活动中某些因素的相关性并找到其中的规律，就能够对不同认知风格类型在归纳推理活动中提出指导性的改善意见，帮助其更好地完成类似的归纳推理任务。