个体在不同状态下的工作记忆广度研究_心理学.doc

摘要：工作记忆是在解决认知任务过程中，同时对信息进行加工和存储的记忆系统。为了探讨加工负荷和心理疲劳对工作记忆广度的影响，同时验证解释工作记忆广度有限性认知机制的资源共享模型是否成立，本文利用心理学实验操作平台E-prime编制工作记忆广度任务实验程序，在实验中引入心理疲劳任务，尝试用心理疲劳任务和主观感觉量表简式心理状态剖面量表相结合的方式控制心理疲劳，选取大四本科男生15名进行实验研究。

　　　结果发现：加工负荷影响工作记忆广度，高加工负荷实验条件下的工作记忆广度得分低于低加工负荷条件，符合资源共享模型的假设：工作记忆广度任务由加工和存储两个活动组成，两者同时利用有限的认知资源；心理疲劳影响工作记忆广度，个体在高心理疲劳的状态下工作记忆系统的功能会降低。

关键词：加工负荷 心理疲劳 工作记忆广度 资源共享模型

Abstract：Working memory is a memory system which processes and stores information at the same time when solving cognitive tasks. To investigate the effects of processing load and mental fatigue on working memory span, and in order to validate the resource-sharing model which explain the limited cognitive mechanism of working memory, a working memory span task procedure was programmed in E-prime, the psychology experiment platform. The variable mental fatigue controlled by mental fatigue task and Profile of Mood States (POMS), 15 male senior undergraduates were selected as subjects and required to perform the working memory span task. 

　　　The results showed that there were significant main effects of processing load and mental fatigue. Working memory span under high processing load condition was higher than that under low processing load condition. The significant main effects of processing load supported the resource-sharing model: Working memory span task was composed of processing and storing, both in need of limited cognitive resources.

Keywords: processing load; mental fatigue; working memory span; resource-sharing model

　　　工作记忆系统理论的完善和统一将是一个长期的过程，随着研究的深入和生理学、脑科学和计算机科学等领域的发展和研究方法的渗入，工作记忆系统理论的研究将会慢慢找到突破口。工作记忆作为人类认知系统中的重要组成部分，将来对工作记忆的研究也将不仅仅局限于记忆研究领域，而会更多地扩展到思维、情感、行为等各个领域。