男女大学生休闲体育运动的差异探析(XX大学为例).rar

摘要：随着我国高校教学制度改革的深化和素质教育的全面发展，大学生在完成学业上花费的时间逐年减少，自由支配的时间则逐年增加。越来越多的余暇时间为大学生提供了自由选择活动方式和实现自我成长与发展的条件，而休闲体育作为一种崭新的体育观念，以其休闲、娱乐、时尚、新颖和种类多样性等特点，逐渐成为大学生日常休闲的首选。     

　　　研究中运用了访谈、文献资料等研究方法，从XX大学男女大学生的闲暇体育运动的现状入手，对男女大学生参与休闲体育的种类、方式、动机及休闲体育对他们带来的影响等现状进行了调查，分析了男女大学生休闲体育参与状况的差异：男女大学生在休闲体育活动参与时间上存在明显差异，女生每周参与次数和时间明显少于男生；男女大学生在活动种类上存在差异，男性偏向于运动强度大的运动项目，女性偏向运动强度小的运动项目；男女大学生在参与方式上存在差异，女性比男性更倾向于和要好的朋友一起参加；男女大学生在参与动机上存在差异，女性比男性更注重身材体形。并试图找出造成男女两性之间这些差异的深层次的原因：传统文化对男女两性的角色定位与角色期待，形成性别刻板印象，影响男女大学生参与休闲体育活动；对身体的规训，尤其是对女性身体的规训，加强了女性在参与过程中对自身形象的关注；以男性主义为中心的审美观，把女性作为男性的附属物和“他者”，女性的体育行为受男性视线的约束和限制。从而有效的引导大学生积极、健康的参加休闲体育活动，形成终身体育观念。

关键词：大学生；闲暇体育；社会性别

Abstract:With the reform of education system and the development of quality education, the time that college students spend on completing their studies reduced year by year, of free time is increasing year by year. More and more leisure time provides freedom for the university students to choose activities. Leisure sports, as a new sports concept, with its leisure, entertainment, fashion, novelty, and species diversity has gradually become the first choice of students' daily leisure.

　　　In this paper, using the interviews, literature and other research methods and start from the current situation of leisure sports of Changzhou university students, conducted a survey of the types, methods, motives and impact of male and female students to participate in leisure sports. Analyzes the differences between the male and female students: There are obvious difference between the female and male college students in the participation time, the girls participate in weekly frequency and duration was significantly less than boys; There are obvious difference in the types of activities, boys tend to exercise intensity sports, girls tend to exercise intensity small sports; There are obvious difference in the ways of participation, women are more likely than men to join with good friends; There are obvious difference in the motives, women pay more attention than men to body. Try to find the reasons for these differences between the sexes: Traditional culture on gender role and role expect, forming gender stereotypes, and affect male and female college students' participation in leisure sports; The discipline of the body, especially the female , strengthening their attention to the image in the activity; Masculinity-centric aesthetic, take the female as the appendage and "others" of the male, women's sports behavior is limited by the sight of men. Guide effectively the university students to participate in leisure sports, to form the physical education concept for life.

Key words: college students, leisure sports, gender

大学生作为一个特殊的群体，休闲体育对其自身的发展有着特殊的意义：首先，大学生积极参加休闲体育运动有利于增进他们的身心健康。在休闲体育中他们可以不断活动身体，提高身体技能，增强体魄。同时，休闲体育活动还能帮助学生缓解各方面的压力，在心情紧张烦躁之时，通过身体上的运动宣泄心中各种负面的不良情绪，取得心理平衡，促进心理健康发展。其次，大学生参加休闲体育有利于高校素质教育的开展，促进学生德、智、体全面发展。国家在《关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》中强调指出：实施素质教育应以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为重点。休闲体育打破了体育上的种种规矩和要求，为学生提供了自由运动的空间，可以不受约束和限制的进行自身喜爱的体育运动，从而使学生的自主意识逐步提高，在运动中不断创新与实践。再者，大学生参与休闲体育有利于形成终身体育的观念，推动整个社会全民健身活动的开展。他们在休闲体育的参与过程中，不断形成体育意识、锻炼体育技能，为自己今后成为全民健身活动中的一员打下了良好的基础。