摘要:随着市场经济的飞速发展,也越来越多的农村人流动到城市,加入城市经济建设的洪流中。流动到城市的农村人称之为新市民,新市民为了自己孩子能够获得较好的学习成长环境,往往带着孩子一起流动,但是城市毕竟与农村不同,城市生活压力大、风俗习惯不同等等影响新市民家庭的生活,影响着新市民家庭的亲子关系。为了改善新市民家庭亲子关系现状,社会工作者尝试运用优势视角理论探索切实可行的社会工作模式。该模式,坚持以人为本、助人自助的社会工作理念,协助新市民家庭亲子双方建立复原目标,赋予新市民子女家庭成员资格,增强在家庭中的地位与话语权、参与权,发掘新市民及其子女自身的优势及抗逆力、痊愈,拓展新市民外部生态环境资源,通过社工与新市民家庭、新市民与其子女的对话与合作,达到他们的复原目标——和谐民主的亲子关系状态。优势视角下改善新市民亲子关系社会工作模式,坚信服务对象有能力有潜力找到发展的途径,促进服务对象的学习与成长。
关键字:亲子关系;优势视角;新市民;社会工作模式
Abstract:With the rapid development of market economy , more and more rural people go to cities and join in the economic construction. In cities ,these people are called new citizens . For achieving a good environment for their children’s studying and living , new citizens always taking their children around . While ,city life is different from it in country , high pressure , different customs and so on influence new citizens life and parent-child relationship . In order to improve the parent-child relationship in new citizen families ,social workers try to use the strengths perspective theories to search a new and effective mode of social work . This mode bases on human being and help people help themselves ,social workers assist both sides of parent-child relationship in new citizen families to rebuild the goal and admit the membership of their children , strengthen their status , explore new citizen and their children’s strengths , resilience and abilities to use more external resource . Through social workers and new citizens ,parents and children in new citizen families’ dialogue and cooperation to achieve the goal of their dreaming relationship . The new social work mode of strengths perspective , to improve the parent-child relationship in new citizen families , believes that the service object has the ability to find the way of development and promote his/her study and growth.
Key words: parent-child relationship ,the strengths perspective , new citiznes ,social work mode
通过本人在新市民子弟学校实习中了解到的亲子关系问题,并在实践中贯彻落实优势视角理念,探索了从优势视角观点出发解决新市民家庭亲子关系的新途径,即了解新市民家庭的复元目标——建立和谐民主的亲子关系,在社工的协助之下,共同认识成员资格和赋权的重要性,同时挖掘新市民家庭的自身优势和环境生态优势,并且坚持对话与合作,落实优势观点,改善问题亲子关系,建立和谐民主的亲子关系。
优势视角改善新市民家庭亲子关系的终极目标强调家庭亲子关系之复元,即找到解决问题、改善亲子关系的途径,建立和谐的亲子关系;社工为服务对象即新市民家庭及其成员服务过程中,建立信任、真诚、亲善的关系,以服务对象为主体,通过不断地对话与合作,促进服务对象解构与重构对自己和亲子关系的观点和看法,承认家庭成员的成员资格,共同讨论目标和行动策略方法,运用优势策略,增强服务对象即新市民家庭及其成员权能为中介目标,进而达到服务对象复元;同时社工要深入了解服务对象所处环境,挖掘环境资源,有助于后续非正式支持网络建构。此优势视角改善新市民家庭亲子关系模式乃为来来回回、螺旋上升的过程,当服务对象后退或停滞时,社工仍要对服务对象抱持信心,并且持续巩固服务对象的优势,协助建构非正式支持网络,使得服务对象即新市民家庭建立正常化的亲子关系,促进家庭和谐和子女健康成长。