摘要:城镇化进程的不断加快、特别是农村剩余劳动力外出务工以及国家计划生育政策的实施，农村的学龄人口逐渐下降；另外政府对城镇二元结构转变为城乡一体化的大力倡导，教育体制也做了相应的调整，中国教育体制的几十年发展形成的村办小学、城镇小学、乡镇乡办初中以及农村少数民办初中（农中）的传统教育模式已经不能够适应农村学龄人口日渐变少的变化，学校合并已成为一种白热化的社会现象。
乡村学校的合并并不只是决策者、操作者所预期的显功能：节约教育成本，优化教育资源的配置；变相促进城镇化进程，加快城市经济的发展；保证了更多学生公平享有教育资源的权利，更完美体现了义务教育的公平性。学校合并的同时存在很多的没有预料到的或是不被关注的潜在功能：从微观的心理角度讲农村留守儿童被迫转学，对他们的独立生活能力产生一种挑战，具有萌生厌学念头的危险性；从学生的学习生活环境上看合并学校的各种资源并没有跟上节奏得到相应的完善，拥有数量不变享有者却在不断增加，只会恶化学校的生活学习条件，导致学生厌学情绪膨胀，与合并的初衷背道而驰。
学校的合并并不能因为一味的追求规模经济效益，采取一刀切的方式，需要根据当地的实际情况实行小班教育，从根本上解决义务教育的不平衡性，真正保证公民都有公平享有教育的权利。
关键词：社会发展 学校合并 义务教育
ABSTRACT:China’s education system has gone through a history of several decades and has gradually developed a mode including the village primary school, the township primary school, the township middle school and a few rural private middle schools. In the recent two decades, due to the urbanization, the outflow of rural surplus labor force and the implementation of China’s family planning policy, the school-aged population in rural areas have declined. And the village primary school and rural private middle school which have done well before cannot change according to the decline of the rural school-aged population.
Under the call for the transformation from the urban-rural dualistic structure into the integration of urban and rural areas, China’s education system is changing and the previous development mode of urban-rural differential education which fits in with the urban-rural dualistic structure has been changed gradually. To adapt to this change, the rural schools are integrated in the margin areas of every city, and the layout of the whole rural schools has been adjusted to some extent.
In this paper, the author will apply the previous document research and study the case of a student who has witnessed the integration of the rural schools and has transferred to the new integrated school to study. And also the advantages and disadvantages of the rural school integration will be discussed and the experience of many left-behind children who go to the integrated township schools to study will be described. From a microscopic view, the author will analyze the rural school integration and the study environment and life conditions of the rural students, study how the rural school integration has influenced the whole rural compulsory education and find new ways.
Key Words: social development; school integration; compulsory education
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