中文摘要:性别语言差异研究已有很长的历史,早在17、18世纪欧洲传教士和其他一些学者就发现了男性与女性用语的不同。在之后的几个世纪,学者们从不同角度对性别语言进行了研究。20世纪六七十年代 Lakoff的《语言与妇女的地位》发表后,语言界开始对语言与性别进行系统的研究。随着妇女解放运动的推进及社会语言学的发展,性别英语的差异更是越来越受到关注。
近几年来语言与性别研究的成果不断涌现,并且从最初单一的语言变体的研究发展成为结合交际能力、会话分析等多学科内容,范围广泛的跨学科研究。因此,本文试图从语言学,尤其是社会语言学的角度出发,探求男性与女性在英语交际中存在的词汇、句法、交际、会话风格等方面的差异,并寻找产生差异的原因,希望对进一步的研究能做出些许贡献。
关键词:性别差异; 原因; 会话; 有效
Contents
Abstract
中文摘要
Chapter 1 Introduction-1
1.1 Historical Studies on Gender Differences in Communication-1
1.2 Framework of the Thesis-1
Chapter 2 Differences in Men’s and Women’s Speech-3
2.1 Linguistic Differences in Men’s and Women’s Speech: Vocabulary, Intonation and Pronunciation.-3
2.1.1 Vocabulary-3
2.1.1.1 Color Words-3
2.1.1.2 The Adjectives and the Adverbs-3
2.1.1.3 Swearing Words and Slangs-4
2.1.2 Intonation-4
2.1.3 Pronunciation-4
2.2 Syntax Differences-5
2.2.1Tag Question-5
2.2.2 Imperative Sentence-5
2.3 Linguistic Differences in Speech Style-6
2.3.1 Topic and Amount of Talk-6
2.3.2 Purpose of Conversation-6
2.4 Speaking Strategy and Conversational Dominance-7
2.5 Listening Strategy and Conversational Maintenance-7
Chapter 3 How the Differences of Men’s and Women’s Speech Come into Being-9
3.1 Physiological Factor-9
3.2Social Factor-9
3.3 Psychological Factor-10
Chapter 4 How to Achieve Effective Cross-Gender Communication-11
4.1 Be Aware of the Differences of Men’s and Women’s Speech-11
4.2 More Mutual Understanding of Gender Differences-11
4.3 Respect for Gender Equality-11
4.4 Learn to Be Open and Flexible-11
Chapter 5 Conclusion-13
References-15
Acknowledgements-16