译文(字数 9808):
中国的职业健康
DAVID C, CHRISTIAN, MD, MPH
摘要
中国经济现代化的推动将会产生新的职业健康问题。因为意识到这点,中国职业卫生专家正在加大努力改善工人的健康和建立一个现代职业健康计划。职业性肺病、职业性癌症、重金属中毒、工业化学品中毒和物理感应疾病(噪音和热量)这些标准设定都被作为拓展研究。
风险控制措施包括工程控制(尤其是在新建筑里),个人防护设备使用的限制,环境和医疗监测的扩张。职工教育和专业活动也已经发展起来。国际交流项目的启动将证明这是一个有前途的职业卫生科学合作领域。
关键词:职业健康问题,风险控制措施,职工教育,专业活动
第一章 介绍
作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国正在努力实现前所未有的科技现代化建设,其中科学和技术发挥着至关重要的作用。自1949年解放以来,中国在公共卫生和医疗方面取得了很大的进步。在艾布拉姆斯1979年的报告中,很好地介绍了中国职业医学,文中较为详细地指出了中国当前的职业卫生问题和中国计划解决它们的行动。报告是作者在中国(1981 - 1982)这一年内,通过从事合作职业健康研究、教育工作和网站访问各种工厂、机构、社区和医院的方式写出来的。中国的职业健康需要通过三个主要因素来了解:第一,中国的发展水平,尤其是工业、公共卫生和医学方面;第二,中国的任务定义为关键它的前进运动;第三,中国的可用资源。因此,想要了解当今中国的职业卫生,就必须先要了解其背景。
外文原文(字符数 33568):
Occupational Health in the People's Republic of China
DAVID C, CHRISTIAN, MD, MPH
Abstract: China's drive to modernize its economy will produce new occupational health problems even as it resolves earlier ones. Well aware of this, Chinese occupational health experts are intensifying efforts to improve workers' health and establish a modern occupational health program. Occupational lung disease, occupational cancer, heavy metal poisoning, industrial chemical poisoning, and physical factor-induced diseases (noise and heat) have all been targeted for expanded research which will serve as a basis for standard setting.
Hazard control efforts include engineering controls, particularly in new construction, limited use of personal protective equipment, and expansion of environmental and medical monitoring. Worker education and professional activities have been expanded. International exchanges have been initiated and will prove occupational health a promising area of scientific cooperation.
Keywords: Occupational health problems, Hazard control efforts, worker education, professional activities