不同领域下幼儿对攻击性行为的理解与道德评价.doc

摘要:攻击性行为是幼儿与同伴或教师之间频繁发生的一种社会互动形式，本文以幼儿园中存在的各种攻击性行为为观察对象，基于伦理学视角将其进行分类，通过对中、大班幼儿进行故事访谈，发现中、大班幼儿对道德、习俗领域攻击性行为进行了区别对待。对于四个领域的行为规则发表看法时，中班幼儿由于道德认知水平的限制，他们更容易受到教师权威的影响。而大班幼儿则更有自己的主见，敢于表达出自己的想法。对于道德领域攻击性行为和美德领域攻击性行为，幼儿并未做出明显的区别对待。行为的错误不在于（是否）存在支配性的规则，不管老师是否这样要求，幼儿们都认为“不应该打人”和“应该把玩具分享给其他小朋友”。美德是一种值得鼓励的价值观在个性品行中的体现，基于“善”而非基于“对”。幼儿対美德与道德赋予了同样的普遍性，这种现象从另一个侧面反映出家长与教师们的教育观——希望幼儿成为讲文明，有礼貌的好人。

关键词：攻击性行为；习俗领域；个人领域；道德领域；美德领域

Abstract:Aggressive behavior is children and companion or teachers often take place between a form of social interaction, based on the existing in the kindergarten conflicts behavior to observe object, based on ethics view to its classification, through to the children, the top class in story interview, found in large classes for children, morality, custom fields conflict to differentiate between the behavior, mainly displays in: for the moral field aggressive behavior judge and behavior when the choice, behavior is not in the mistakes (whether) there are dominant social rules, and the existing standard cannot be changed; Custom fields for aggressive behavior judge and behavior when the choice, the behavior of the error is that existing dominant social rules, and of existing standards can be changed. For four areas of behavior rules make comments, GSM because the level of children's moral cognition restrictions, they are more vulnerable to the influence of their authority. Class is more children and their own opinion, dare to express their own opinions. In the moral field aggressive behavior and virtue field aggressive behavior, children did not make clear distinction to treat. Behavior is not in the mistakes (whether) existing dominant rules, no matter whether the teacher asks so, all the children think "should not be a hit" and "should put toys to other children share". Virtue is a kind of to be encouraged in the reflection of individual character values manner, based on the "good" not based on the "right". Polices ethics with virtue and children of the same universality, this phenomen -hope the infants become civilized, polite manon from another side reflects the parents and teachers of education. 

Keywords: aggressive behavior; Customs area; The personal domain; The moral field; Virtue field