幼儿责任心发展的研究.doc

摘要:本研究的主要目的是探讨幼儿园阶段幼儿承诺责任心发展的程度，研究对象分别为小、中、大班幼儿。通过自编的三个关于承诺责任心的故事对小、中、大班中选取的30名幼儿进行半结构访谈。结果表明：幼儿对社会规则的理解和认识以及对人类关系中平等、互惠的关心取决于幼儿的道德认知水平的发展。小、中、大班幼儿承诺责任心发展存在年龄差异而不存在性别差异；大班幼儿承诺责任心发展在角色转换中存在着差异；幼儿的道德认知发展随着年龄而经历前道德、他律到自律的阶段序列。

关键词:幼儿；责任心；承诺；移情

Abstract:The author intends to discuss to which degree the children will promise to take responsibilities when they are in the kindergarten, and the target objects of the research can be divided into three parts: the children in the junior, middle and senior stages. This writing tries to interview the 30 sample children chosen from the three different stages by means of telling three stories about responsibility. The result indicates that children’s understanding and cognition of social rules as well as their concerns about the fair and reciprocal relationships of humans mainly depends on their development of both the morality and cognition level. What’s more, there are not differences in this aspect in different genders but they do have differences in different stages. Also, from the research audience can find the difference in the change of roles in the stores among the children at the senior stage, which does exist in the two other stages. From the above, it can be concluded that the development of morality and cognition grows as the children get older.

Key words:children; responsibility; promises; empathy

　　日常生活中，言而有信是人与人之间关系的一条普遍责任原则。我们应该都能认识到，我们有各种各样的责任和义务需要去履行。责任有很多，例如：遵守许诺的责任，诚实的责任，因为从别人那里得到好处而感激他人的责任，自我改进的责任以及不做坏事的责任等等。这些责任都是存在我们日常生活道德中的，很多时候对于一件事所要做出的某种行为结果，想不出一个要做的理由，但是我们又是必须要去做的，因为这已被责任和义务所影响。责任心是指一个人对事情能敢于负责、主动负责的态度。幼儿的责任心主要表现为:能认真完成成人交给的任务,对同伴和集体的事认真负责等等。幼儿责任心发展是儿童社会性人格发展研究的一个重要领域。现在的幼儿责任心的现状又是如何呢?在幼儿园中，幼儿许诺我们常常会碰到，他们会有承诺这种责任行为，也就说明在在幼儿园阶段儿童的责任心已得到发展。但是虽然有了承诺这种行为，却常常也有幼儿没有去实施这些承诺。所以，本研究将试图研究责任中的信守承诺这一行为，对象为3—6、7岁幼儿，内容有：幼儿的责任心是如何发展的；幼儿的承诺责任心水平在角色上是否存在差异性；幼儿的承诺责任心是否存在性别差异等的研究。