【摘要】以《爱弥儿》为文本，在卢梭教育哲学的视阈下，对其中隐含的教师权威和学生自由之间的碰撞进行研究。卢梭为爱弥儿的教育画定了一个圆圈，爱弥儿的自由与其教师的权威便是这圆圈上的两个环节，缺少其中之一，圆圈就会残缺不全。爱弥儿的自由在某种意义上是自然的自由，是一种生命的自然发展状态，在爱弥儿的成长过程中，儿童不断经历着来自本能的需求欲望和满足，在自然范畴的本质中，包含了一种必然的思想成分。卢梭在对爱弥儿的教育中，把自然作为天然的权威，运用自然的力量对爱弥儿进行施教，并借由教师权威的合法性对其所施教的目的进行了设定，希望爱弥儿成为其所期望成为的人，即其政治理想国的公民。他遵循着自然的规律，运用自然的力量保全爱弥儿的自由，并发展爱弥儿的自由。
【关键词】卢梭； 《爱弥儿》； 教师权威； 自由
【Abstract】In the scope of education philosophy of Rousseau, this article choose the book called Emile as the text, takes a research on the conflict between the authority of teachers and the freedom of students which is concluded in the book. If Rousseau set a circle for the education of Emile, the education of Emile and the authority of teachers are the necessary elements of article, which means that one of them is absent, this circle will be incomplete. To some extent, the freedom of Emile is a natural freedom and a natural development state of the life. In the process of growing up of Emile, children experience slowly the desire of demand and the meeting from instinct, in the essence of natural category, it includes an inevitable ideological element. In the education for Emile of Rousseau, Rousseau takes the nature as the natural authority, educates the students in application of natural power, sets the purpose of his education in application of the legitimacy of authority of teachers, hopes Emile to become the persons who he expects, thus the citizens of his political ideal state. Rousseau obeys the law of nature and applies the natural power to protect and develop the freedom of Emile.
【Keywords】Rousseau；Emile；Authority of teachers；Freedom
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