摘要:生物农药PCA具有有广谱、高效、低毒、环境相容性好、生产成本低等显著特点，但在生物防治过程中发现，PCA在大田中易被降解，影响其防治效果。为提高PCA药效，本文从农药剂型角度出发，对生物农药PCA纳米/介孔制剂的合成进行了探索，分别用阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂合成了具有有序二维六方介孔结构的介孔材料AMS-ex和SBA-15，同时用含有氨基修饰的AMS-ex系列介孔材料进行PCA载药实验，测定其吸附效果；除运用两步法合成PCA制剂，本文还运用多种方法一步合成PCA/介孔载药制剂，运用AMS材料合成原理直接制得载有PCA的AMS介孔材料并通过改变PCA在模板剂比例及共结构导向剂用量探究影响材料结构和载药量的因素；运用直接模板法合成HOM-PCA系列材料，得到了内部具有高度有序三维立方结构的介孔载药材料。结果表明一步法、两步法合成的材料载药量都相对较低，一步法合成AMS材料实际载药量远低于投药量，合成效益较低；一步法合成的HOM-PCA材料虽然载药量不高，但投入药物几乎全部载入介孔材料，合成中损失PCA最少。介孔材料可以通过控制合成形成特殊孔道，在药物控释方面优势明显，通过继续探索优化合成体系、条件，有希望制备出具有高载药量和缓释性能的PCA农药制剂。
关键词：PCA，药物控释，介孔材料
Abstract:The broad-spectrum biological pesticide PCA with the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, good environmental compatibility and low production cost was found easy to be degraded during the prevention and control in the field, which limits its efficacy. To improve the field-efficiency of PCA, the study of this paper was taken from the view of pesticide formulations to synthesize several PCA nano / mesoporous agents. I used anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants to synthesize AMS -ex and SBA-15 mesoporous materials, respectively,which show orderly two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure of mesoporous materials according to the XRD spectrum. Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity of amino-modified AMS-ex series of mesoporous materials were tested in PCA solvent.Beside two-step synthesis of PCA agents, this article also describes the process of one-step synthesis of PCA / Mesoporous drug agents with several methods. Using the synthesis principle of AMS materials, PCA-contained mesoporous materials were synthesize. I also tried to change the ratio of PCA in the template and the total amount of co-structure-directing-agent to explore the material structure and drug loading factors; HOM-PCA series materials with highly ordered internal structure of three-dimensional cubic were fabricated via direct template synthesis. The results show that the drug loading of the materials, fabricated via both one-step and two-step methods are relatively low. The actual drug loading dosage of one-step synthesized AMS is much lower than medication dosage , showing low synthetic efficiency. One-step synthesized the HOM-PCA materials, whose drug loading is not high, however, can encapsulate almost all the PCA into theirs mesoporous pores, showing a minimum of PCA synthesis loss. Through structure controllable synthesis,mesoporous materials can own a special channel system, which facilitate the controlled drug release. Hopefully, controlled release formulations of PCAwith high drug loading will be prepared by continuously optimizing the synthesis system.
Key words：Biopesticide，controlled drug release，mesoporous material
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