摘要:言语行为是人们通过话语的形式所实施的行为,是语用学研究的重要课题之一。言语行为理论的创始人奥斯汀和其继承者塞尔认为言语行为是建筑社会交往的基石,也就是说,言语行为是人类言语交际过程中的基本单位。请求言语行为是一种在发出请求的动作后,往往会使说话人受益,使听话人感受到某种负担的行为。为了减轻听话人的面子受到威胁的程度,或者为了减轻说话人由于提出的请求被拒绝而引起的面子受损的程度,在发出请求时要选用合适的请求策略。
本文通过一系列中英请求言语行为的对比研究,发现英语和汉语之间的请求言语行为有着相同的句子结构和策略类型,这两种语言最常用的策略都是非常规间接策略,但两种语言具体的策略选择有着巨大的差异。相比之下,中国人在请求策略的选择上会更加直接,而西方国家会更倾向于间接的请求策略。因为西方国家是受个人主义影响,他们更加注重个人自由、平等,而中国则是更关注社会。了解英汉请求言语行为的异同,能帮助我们更好地了解东西方文化,促进两种文化间的友好交流。
关键词:言语行为;请求策略;影响因素
Contents
中文摘要
Abstract
1.-Introduction-1
1.1 Background of the Research-1
1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Research-2
1.3 Structure of the Research-3
2.-Literature Review-5
2.1 Studies on Speech Act Theory Abroad-5
2.2 Studies on Speech Act Theory at Home-6
2.3 Studies on Request Speech Act Abroad-7
2.4 Studies on Request Speech Act at Home-8
3.-Comparative Study of Requests in English and Chinese-10
3.1 Request Strategies-10
3.1.1 Direct Strategies-10
3.1.2 Conventional Indirect Strategies-11
3.1.3 Non-conventional Indirect Strategies-12
3.2 Characteristics of the Request-13
3.2.1 Characteristics of the Request in English-13
3.2.2 Characteristics of the Request in Chinese-14
3.3 Influence Factors-15
3.31 Cultural Factors-16
3.32 Social Factors-16
3.33 Language Factors-17
4. Conclusion-18
4.1 Major Findings of the Research-18
4.2 Applications of the Study-18
4.3 Suggestions for Further Research-19
References-19
Acknowledgements-21