中文摘要:当今社会环境问题日益凸显,自然灾害频发,引起人们的深思,而早在1851年,《白鲸》作者麦尔维尔就借唯一幸存者以实玛力之口,向世人讲述人与自然的正确相处方式以及敌对态度所导致的巨大悲剧。通过对作品中各种角色的塑造和对自然环境的描写,麦尔维尔超前地表达一种生态批评观,虽然在那时,这种观点并不为社会所接受,但是对现今社会有着重要的警示作用,时刻提醒着人们要与自然和谐相处,避免重蹈覆辙,铸成大错。本论文通过分析《白鲸》中海洋﹑白鲸等事物对应的自然象征及主要人物与自然之间的关系,如船长亚哈和大白鲸之间的纠葛恩怨以及叙述者以实玛力对待大自然的态度,并且结合生态批评理论,从中得出启发,倡导与自然和谐相处,善待自然,蔑视自然或者过度掠夺自然资源,最终会招致自然的反击和惩罚。
关键词:白鲸;生态批评;麦尔维尔;自然
TABLE OF CONTENTS
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter One Introduction-1
Chapter Two An Overview of Eco-criticism-3
2.1 Brief definition of Eco-criticism-3
2.2 Origin of Eco-criticism-3
2.3 Development of Eco-Criticism-4
Chapter Three Analysis of the Natural Symbols in Moby Dick from Eco-criticism-5
3.1 The sea: the background of the battle between human and nature-5
3.2 The whales: a symbol of non-human nature-6
3.3 Moby Dick: a kind of nature force-7
3.4 The whaling ship Pequod: the epitome of human society-8
Chapter Four Relationships between People and Nature-9
4.1 The relationship between Ahab and Moby Dick-9
4.1.1 Entanglement between Ahab and Moby Dick-9
4.1.2 Captain Ahab’s revenge-10
4.2 Relationship between Ishmael and nature-10
4.2.1 Ishmael’s respect for Moby Dick-10
4.2.2 Ishmael’s view of Ecology-11
Chapter Five Conclusion-13
REFERENCES-14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS-15