Abstract:As one of the four masterpieces in China’s ancient times, Hong Lou Meng is known as a great work with a strong ideological content and a high artistic quality, of which ancient poetry in diverse forms is an indispensable part with resplendent artistic value. Since the 19th century, the literary treasure Hong Lou Meng has been translated into many languages and has been widely spread around the whole world. Two most influential complete versions were produced in the 1970s and the 1980s, namely, Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s version (Yang’s version for short), and David Hawkes’ version (Hawkes’ version for short). Poetry is the crystallization of culture which carries a lot of culture information, together with its special stylistic features, poses more difficulties for translators and their translation approaches. Foreignization and domestication are two different translation tendencies concerning the cultural phenomenon in the source language. The former is target reader oriented, while the latter is source language culture oriented. Based on a comparative study of poetry in the English versions of Hong Lou Meng by Yang and Hawkes, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the different translation strategies adopted by Yang and Hawkes respectively in translating the poetry in their English versions and contrast and sums up their different tendencies in dealing with the cultural elements and the different effects of their version from the perspectives in terms of the literary imagery, connotative meaning in, and sound and form of, poetry.
Key words: Hong Lou Meng; poetry translation; domestication; foreignization
摘要:《红楼梦》是我国古代四大名著之一，是一部具有高度思想性和高度艺术性的伟大作品，而其中形式多样的古典诗词作为全书的重要部分，更是具有亘古璀璨的艺术价值。从19世纪起，《红楼梦》这部古典文学之瑰宝已被译成多种文字在全世界广泛流传。迄今为止，最有影响的两个译本产生于二十世纪七十年代，即由杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇合译的译本(简称杨译本)和由大卫·霍克斯与约翰·闵福德翻译的译本(简称霍译本)。诗歌作为文化的结晶，高度浓缩了许多的文化信息，再加上诗歌文体本身的特殊性，对译者和翻译策略提出了更加苛刻的要求。归化与异化策略是翻译工作者对待文化翻译的两种不同倾向。前者强调目标读者对目标文本理解的流畅性，异化翻译更加重视源原文本在翻译中的地位。本文基于杨宪益与霍克斯对《红楼梦》诗词中所出现的文化现象不同处理方法的对比研究，分别从文学意象，隐含意义，诗词的音韵和形式特点等方面对比总结了他们在翻译中对文化因素的不同倾向及译本所达到的不同效果。
关键词：红楼梦；诗歌翻译；归化；异化
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