Abstract:Jack London is best known for his books The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The Sea-Wolf, and a few short stories, such as “To Build a Fire” and “The White Silence.” In fact, he was a prolific writer whose fiction explored several regions and their cultures: the Yukon, California, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands. He experimented with many literary forms, from conventional love stories and dystopias to science fantasy. A committed socialist, he insisted against editorial pressures to write political essays and insert social criticism in his fiction. He was among the most influential figures of his day, who understood how to create a public persona. He left over fifty books of novels, stories, journalisms, and essays, many of which have been translated and continue to be read around the world when he died of kidney disease at age 40.
This thesis analyses from the United States naturalistic view, to stress to the objective reality of life. First, it introduces the main characters and contents from the Naturalistic View; Then, it analyzes different living rules and contrasts the living rules between civilized society and uncivilized society; Finally, it draws a conclusion that different environmental biological must follow different rules of the survival.
Key Words: Naturalistic View; primitive society; civilized society; social principle
摘要:杰克·伦敦是美国著名的现实主义作家。他一生共创作了约50卷作品，其中最为著名的有《野性的呼唤》《海狼》《白牙》《马丁·伊登》和一系列优秀短篇小说《热爱生命》《老头子同盟》《北方的奥德赛》《马普希的房子》《沉寂的雪原》等。杰克·伦敦的创作，笔力刚劲，语言质朴，情节富于戏剧性。他常常将笔下人物置于极端严酷，生死攸关的环境之下，以此展露人性中最深刻、最真实的品格。
本题目主要从美国自然主义观，把一切归纳于自然法则，一切以生存为首位的研究视角，反映了资本主义社会冷酷的现实和“优胜劣汰，适者生存”的客观现实。首先，是通过自然主义观的视觉，分析主要人物性格特征及生存环境；其次，对比分析两种社会存在的不同生存原则；最后，结果表明，不同环境的生物必须遵循不同的生存原则，一旦打破这些原则，呈现在我们面前的就是真正的野性与对生命的蔑视。同时通过美国自然主义的视角，解析两种社会生存原则的对比，探讨无处不在的生存之战，以及这些生存原则对现代社会的影响。这个意义上说，《野性的呼唤》中呼唤的不仅仅是对野性的呼唤，同时也是对更纯粹的生命的呼唤。
关键词：美国自然主义观；原始社会；文明社会；生存原则
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