Abstract：Vladimir Nabokov is one of the most influential writers in the history of the world literature in the 20th century. Nabokov is a productive writer in many literary fields, writing in both Russia and English. Lolita, one of his most controversial novels，is an immortal work describing abnormal love. His novel, Lolita, caused great controversy when it was published. This work mainly tells an abnormal story that a middle-aged man called Humbert Humbert who was the narrator in the novel desired for a 12-year-old girl named Lolita. Lolita is a tragedy which excites people's mind. Meeting Lolita is the beginning of the tragedy.
The thesis tries to analyze the causes of Humbert's tragic fate with Freud's theory of personality structure. The dynamic imbalance between Humbert's id, ego and superego is his psychological causes, and is also the causes of his tragic fate. His id could not control the ego and seek for an understanding from the superego. At last, these struggles lead to Humbert in an extremely painful confusion of his mind, which results in Humbert's tragedy of life. The education of human beings consists of family, school and society. If improper education contributes to tragedy, it is the shame and sorrow of education. The absence of education of family, school and society brings about Lolita's tragedy. The implications brought by the tragedy have profound social significance.
Key words: Lolita Theory of Personality Structure Tragedy Tragic causes
摘要：弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫是20世纪世界文学史上最具影响力的作家之一。纳博科夫在文学领域是一个多产的作家，并且用俄语和英语写作。《洛丽塔》是其流传最广的作品，是一部描写畸形之恋的不朽之作。他的小说《洛丽塔》一经发表就引起极大争议，褒贬不一。作品主要讲述了一个中年男子亨伯特迷恋上12岁女孩洛丽塔的畸恋故事。《洛丽塔》是一部震撼人心的悲剧作品。遇见洛丽塔便是悲剧的开始。
本文尝试用弗洛伊德的人格结构理论来分析主人公亨伯特悲剧命运的原因。亨伯特的自我、本我和超我之间的动态失衡是他的心理病因，同时也是他人生悲剧的根源。他的自我既没能驾驭住本我，又没能在超我中寻求到谅解，最终导致亨伯特处于极其痛苦的精神错乱状态，上演了他的人生悲剧。人的教育主要由家庭，学校和社会共同完成的，如因教育不当而酿成悲剧，则是教育的尴尬和悲哀。家庭，学校和社会的教育缺失是导致洛丽塔悲惨结局的深层原因，其悲剧性所带来的启示具有深刻的社会意义。
关键词: 《洛丽塔》; 人格结构理论; 悲剧; 悲剧成因
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