摘要:近年来，随着我国城市数量的增长和城市规模的扩大，数量庞大的城市垃圾给城市及周边的生态环境造成了沉重的压力，中国每年产生约1.5亿吨的城市垃圾，而且随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，城市垃圾的产生量正以每年8﹪～10﹪的高速率增长[1]，但我国的生活垃圾处理水平较低，85%的垃圾进行垃圾填埋处理[2],垃圾的历年堆存量已达60多亿吨，侵占土地面积约5亿平方米。目前，全国有200多座城市陷入垃圾的包围之中，有1/4的城市已发展到无适合场所堆放垃圾[3]。城市生活垃圾的处理，关系到保护和改善生活和生态环境，防治污染，改变传统发展模式，是经济发展和环境保护相协调的重要内容[4]。
本文在系统收集和认真阅读大量国内外有关资料文献的基础上，通过实验、分析和评述，以南京师范大学紫金校区为实地调查研究对象，进行垃圾箱的利用情况和现场收集垃圾、垃圾分类与称重及人流量的调查。借鉴国内外固体废弃物管理的经验，结合南京师范大学紫金校区的固体废弃物管理情况，提出改善校区环境污染的相关措施。主要结论如下：
1、由宿舍区的垃圾成分分析，主要垃圾成分包括塑料、金属、纸类；其中塑料所占比例为51%、纸类所占比例为37%、金属所占比例为7%，还含有少量的厨余。针对于宿舍区垃圾成分的情况，塑料的成分含量比较高，可以把宿舍区的垃圾采用资源回收利用的方式来进行处理。
2、由教学区的垃圾成分分析，主要垃圾成分塑料、金属、纸类、厨余等；其中金属所占的比例为40%、纸类所占比例为25%、塑料所占比例为21%、
厨余所占比例为14%。针对于教学区垃圾成分的情况，金属的成分含量比较高，可以把教学区的垃圾采用资源回收利用的方式来进行处理。
3、由居民区的垃圾成分分析，主要垃圾成分塑料、金属、纸类、厨余等；其中厨余所占的比例为51%、金属所占比例为20%、塑料所占比例为17%、纸类所占比例为12%。针对于居民区垃圾成分的情况，厨余的成分含量比较高，除了可以把居民区垃圾采用资源回收利用的方式来进行处理之外，针对于厨余含量很高的垃圾可以采用填埋的方式使得厨余中的有机物通过微生物的作用产生甲烷气体，用来发电发热，达到资源化利用。
关键词：固体废弃物 处理 环境
Abstract:In recent years, with the number of urban growth and urban expansion, a huge number of municipal waste to the city and the surrounding ecological environment of the heavy pressure, China produces about 150 million ton per year of municipal waste.
what's more, as development of the economy and people's living standards, generation of municipal solid waste at an annual 8% to 10% of the high rate of growth [1], but the municipal solid waste is at lower levels, 85% of the garbage is using landfill disposal [2 ], so the stock pile of garbage over the years has reached more than 60 million ton, occupied land area of about 500 million m2.Currently, more than 200 cities across the country surrounded by garbage, 1/4 of the cities has no suitable place to pile up the development of waste [3].The processing of municipal solid waste, related to the protection and improvement of living and ecological environment. Preventing pollution, changing the traditional development model is an important thing which coordinates the economic development and the environmental protection [4].
Based on the systematic collection and read a large number of domestic and international literature, through experiments, analysis and comment, Zijin Campus of Nanjing Normal University study for the field investigation, the utilization of the bins and on-site waste collection, waste separation and Weighing and human traffic survey. Solid waste from domestic and foreign management experience, combined with Nanjing Normal University, Zijin Campus, solid waste management, to improve campus environmental pollution-related measures. The main conclusions are as follows:
1、 by quarters of the waste composition analysis, the main waste components, including plastic, metal, paper; which accounted for 51% of plastic, paper accounted for 37%, metals accounted for 7%, also contains a small amount of The kitchen. Elements in the dormitory area for the case of garbage, plastic ingredients are relatively high, the garbage can dormitory recycling by way of resources for processing.
2、by the teaching area of the waste composition analysis, the main component of plastic waste, metal, paper, food waste, etc.; in which the proportion of metal is 40%, accounted for 25% of paper, plastics accounted for 21% , The proportion of food waste is 14%. In the teaching area for the case of waste composition, the composition of the metal content is relatively high; you can use the resources of the dormitory area of the waste recycling approaches to treatment.
3、the garbage from the residential component analysis, the main component of plastic waste, metal, paper, food waste, etc; in which the proportion of food waste, 51%, accounted for 20% of metal, plastics accounted for 17% , Paper accounted for 12%. For the case in the residential waste composition, the composition of food waste with high content, in addition to the dormitory area of the recycling of garbage by way of resources for processing, the high content of kitchen waste for the garbage can compost the way Organic kitchen waste makes the role of microorganisms produced by methane gas, used to generate heat, to resource utilization.
Keywords: Solid waste, Disposal, Environment
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