食用骨粉中重金属的去除方法研究.doc

摘要：重金属污染是环境污染的重要方面。工业、农业和国防以及人民生活等活动往往需要一些重金属做原料生产和制造各种溶剂、药剂与器物，然而在这些试剂和器物的生产、制造和使用过程中往往造成重金属的散落和扩散，使土壤以及水体中重金属含量达到致毒水平。由此造成的重金属污染对人类健康的威胁越来越大，对人类生活质量的影响越来越明显。随着日本水俣病(Hg污染) 、骨痛病(Cd污染)等事件的发生，重金属问题越来越受到人们的关注。由于现代工业的大量发展，导致重金属污染极其严重甚至我们常常在不经意间就把含高浓度重金属的食物摄入体内，对人体造成巨大的伤害，导致了很多难以医治的疾病，并且造成了许多重大的损失。本文根据骨粉中的成分进行分析，进而寻找骨粉中微量重金属的去除方法。对于现在的各种重金属污染越来越严重的问题，它关系到我们人类的生存和发展，因而研究重金属的去除就变得非常重要且迫切[1]。本文的目的旨在研究食用骨粉中重金属去除方法和其作用机理，同时推广到其它食物及工业中重金属的去除。

关键词：骨粉；重金属；羟磷灰石晶体；无定型磷酸氢钙[CaHPO4]

Abstract:Heavy metal pollution is an important aspect of environmental pollution. Activities such as industry, agriculture, defence and people's life often need heavy metals as raw materials to  produce and manufacture various solvents, reagents and utensils. However in the processes of producing, manufacturing and using these reagents and utensils, heavy metals get scattered and spreaded, which makes contents of heavy metals in soil and water reach a toxic level. Thereby heavy metal pollution threats to human health more seriously and has a more obvious impact on the quality of human life.As with the occurrence of minamata disease (Mercury pollution) and itai-itai disease (Cadmium pollution) in Japan, heavy metal problems have received considerable attention. Due to the development of modern industry, the heavy metal pollution is quite serious and sometimes we even inadvertently take in some food containing high-concentrations of heavy metal, which will cause great harm to the human body and lead to a series of refractory diseases and a significant loss. This thesis is designed to analyze the contents of bone-meal and then find out a method to remove the trace heavy metals. Now the heavy metal contamination becomes increasingly serious and it concerns human survival and development. Therefore, the study of heavy metal removal becomes very important and urgent.  This paper aims to make a study on how to remove heavy metals from edible bone-meal and how it takes effect and at the same time enlightens about the removal of heavy metals in food or other industries.

Key words:bone-meal; heavy metals; hydroxyapatite crystals; Amorphous calcium hydrogen phosphate[CaHPO4]

　现代工业的大量发展，导致重金属污染极其严重甚至我们常常在不经意间就把含高浓度重金属的食物摄入体内，对人体造成巨大的伤害，导致了很多难以医治的疾病，并且造成了许多重大的损失。对于现在的各种重金属污染越来越严重的问题，它关系到我们人类的生存和发展，因而研究骨粉中重金属的去除就变得非常重要且迫切。

本文第一章主要大致介绍了骨粉的营养成分和研究价值，简述了去除骨粉中的重金属的意义。第二章主要大致简述了重金属的危害以及一些重金属吸入对人体造成的伤害。第三章主要介绍了文献中对于去除重金属的一些方法研究。