摘要：伴随着电力和热力工业的发展，每年我国粉煤灰排放量已达到3.7亿吨之多。经过多年努力，我国粉煤灰综合利用取得了显著成绩，综合利用率逐年提高。为进一步提高我国粉煤灰综合利用率和综合利用经济效率，本文对我国粉煤灰综合利用进行了全面分析，重点分析了粉煤灰在建筑工程、重金属废水和其他生产方面的应用，并对粉煤灰烧结陶粒工程进行了初步技术经济分析。
粉煤灰是多种物质的混合物，有着广泛的用途。重金属是常见的环境污染物。许多行业包括金属加工，种植业和采矿带来的酸性废水含镉、铅、铜。长期食用含高浓度的重金属可引起胃部疾病，如肝、肾损害许多疾病等。在重金属去除与回收研究始终是在环境保护的关键问题。
粉煤灰应用于废水处理，具有操作简便、效果好、成本低廉等优势。粉煤灰的吸附性能力大大提高，并能有效吸附水溶液中的重金属离子。依据粉煤灰的物理、化学性质的分析，本文提出了粉煤灰陶粒应用于废水中的重金属的吸附。本文中研究了粉煤灰陶粒对铜离子的吸附性能，考察了溶液pH值、温度和吸附剂用量对吸附性能的影响。通过实验及实验数据分析可知成分为粉煤灰80％、煤粉10％、粘土10％的1号陶粒为最佳陶粒，陶粒投加量为4g、时间为1.5h、pH为5、温度为20℃时其对铜离子吸附效果较好。
关键词:粉煤灰，陶粒，废水，重金属离子Cu2﹢
Abstract：As the development of power and heating power industry in our country, the putout of fly ash is bigger and bigger, as ever to be 0.12 billion ton per year. Recently, as the efforts of our country and enterprises and “R&D” institutions the rate of reusing of fly ash is higher and higher, but it still is not high-level. To raise the rate of the reusing of fly ash, this paper analyzes the application on reusing of fly ash in construction and heavy metals removal in wastewater and other producing, and takes technological and economical analysis on the projects of cementation ceramicist by making use of fly ash.
Not only can the reusing of fly ash solve the problem about pollution, meanwhile, it also is able to make products by reusing fly ash. Heavy metals are common environmental pollutants.Many industry including metals finishing, planting and mining acidic bring waste water containing cadmium, lead，copper. Long-term ingestion of water containing higher concentration of heavy metals can cause many diseases such as stomach ailment metal retardation, liver and kidney damage. Research in heavy metals removal and recovery are always a key problem in environmental protection.
Fly ash ceramic has lots of advantages in the treatment of wastewater, such as simple process, high efficiency and low cost. Fly ash ceramic can improve its adsorption ability greatly and so makes it adsorb the contaminants such as heavy metals removal in wastewater more effectively. Based on the analysis of the character of fly ash, this paper provides that fly ash ceramic should be used in heavy metals removal in wastewater. Besides，the adsorption towards Cu of the as-prepared fly ash ceramic under static adsorption condition were also studied, and the influential parameters to adsorption such as pH，temperature as well as the amount of absorbent were investigated．Through experiments and analysis of experimental data shows that 80% of fly ash composition, coal 10%, 10% clay is the best ceramic No. 1, ceramic dosage of 4g, time 1.5h, pH 5, The temperature is 20 ℃, its better for copper ions.
Keywords: fly ash, ceramic, waste water, heavy metal Cu2﹢
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