摘要:制革工业是一个污染严重的产业，主要是因为制革废水中含有大量蛋白质、染料、油脂、硫化物、铬盐以及毛渣等生化耗氧量高的有机和无机的可溶物及悬浮物，以及有潜在毒性的金属盐类。此外，在制革过程中，硫化氢、氨水和其它一些易挥发的有机化合物，以及蛋白质固体废料分解都会产生有毒气体或不良气味。虽然环境恶化与高浓度氨氮和铬对人体及生物种群的危害目前尚无数量化，但是可以肯定高浓度的氨氮和铬将会对人体带来一定的危害。制革污染造成当地农田作物几乎颗粒无收，整日弥漫在空气中的恶臭以及被污染的生活用水，严重危害着居民的身心健康，近年来居民各种怪病不断，甚至出现当地青年征兵体检很少有人合格的现象。
针对国内外制革综合废水的处理研究，从一级物化处理和二级生化处理两个方面做了概括。就一级物化处理而言，介绍了国内制革废水处理的发展过程，并指出了制革废水处理的发展方向——绿色化学技术；在制革废水的二级处理工艺研究上，介绍了制革废水处理中的曝气工艺、氧化沟工艺、SBR工艺、生物膜等在国内制废水处理上的理论及应用研究情况，针对国内制革企业普遍规模较小的特点，认为SBR工艺是较适于国内制革废水特点的处理工艺。
概述了我国制革工业废水现状，对制革废水资源化处理技术进行综述。认为将资源化处理技术与生产工艺紧密结合是解决制革废水污染的最佳捷径。
关键词：制革废水；废水处理；清洁生产
Abstract:Tanning industry is a heavily polluting industries, mainly because of tannery wastewater contains large amounts of protein, dyes, grease, sulfide, chromium salt, and slag wool high biochemical oxygen demand of the soluble organic and inorganic matter and suspended solids and potentially toxic metal salts. In addition, tanning process, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other volatile organic compounds, and protein decomposition of solid waste will produce toxic gases or bad smell. Although the deterioration of the environment with high concentrations of ammonia and chromium species on the human body and biological hazards present there is no quantitative, but certainly a high concentration of ammonia and chromium will bring some harm to the human body. Tannery pollution caused the almost total crop failure of crops, day filled with the stench in the air and contaminated water, seriously endangering the health of residents in recent years, residents in a variety of abnormal head constantly, even recruiting local youth Few qualified medical phenomenon.
The domestic study on the process and technology of synthetic effluent treatment in tannery from aspects of chemical and physical treatment and biological treatment is summarized． As far as chemistry method is concerned，this article intruduces the history of a study on the process and technology of synthetic effluent treatment in tannery ，and points out its developing direction of green chemical techniques．And as far as biology method is concerned，this article intruduces the domestic study on aeration technology ，oxidation ditch，sequencing batch reactor(SBR)，biofilm and so on．As the domestic tannery companies are generally on small scales，it is believed that the SBR is suitable for the treatment of wastwater from domestic tannery companies．
Outlines the status of tannery industrial wastewater, operation of the tannery waste treatment technology resources are reviewed. That the resources of the processing technology and production processes are closely integrated solution sets the best tanning wastewater pollution arrest Trail.
Key words：tannery wastewater；wastewater treatment；Cleaner Production
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