摘要:人类生存环境的退化是新世纪全球可持续发展所面临的重大问题，保护水资源，改善水环境已成为当前乃至今后各级政府所面临的一项重要工作。作为水资源保护有效手段的水环境自动监测技术就显得十分重要。
水质监测是水污染防治的科学基础，没有量和质的监测，水污染防治将无的放矢。水质监测同时也是检验各项保护工作取得成果的主要方式。环境监测是环境科学的一个重要分支学科。“监测”一词的含义可理解为监视、测定、监控。广义上，是在一定时期内对污染因子进行重复测定，追踪污染物种类、浓度的变化；狭义上，是对污染物进行定期测定，判断是否达到环境标准或评价环境管理和控制环境系统的效果。但是，常规水质监测一般1个月取一次水样，然后到实验室分析，时效性较差，无法满足信息化时代对水质监测的需要。所以，在监测站点合理规划的基础上，采用现代化技术手段进行河流水质监测，实现数据采集、传输和存储及处理的自动化监测是未来流域水资源保护的必由之路。自动监测、治理、改善水质、保障地区的可持续发展已为世人所共识，也引起了中央和各级地方政府的高度重视。特别是自1998年来水质自动监测站的建设有了较快的发展。
本文的工作旨在对南京市环境监测站水污染自动监测方面做个调研，分析水质自动监测国内外的发展现状及趋势，重点探讨了南京市环境质量监测系统组成，监测站点的布设，监测站系统的组成、水质在线监测系统的发展历程及水质在线监测技术的前沿。并对监测项目及相关仪器进行了汇总，重点对常规五参数（水温、pH、浊度、溶解氧、电导率）、BOD、COD、TOC、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数等参数做了详细说明。同时分析了水质监测存在的问题并提出相关对策。最后对全文进行总结并展望。
关键词：水质监测；监测项目；参数；问题；对策
Abstract:Human survival environment deterioration is the global sustainable development in the new century, the major problems facing the protection of water resources, improving water environment has become the current and future governments facing an important job. As water is an effective means to protect the water environment of automatic monitoring technology is very important.
The water quality monitoring is the scientific basis for prevention and control of water pollution, quantity and quality monitoring, prevention and control of water pollution will tilt at windmills. Monitoring the quality inspection work is also the protection of the major achievements. Environmental monitoring is an important branch of environmental science subject. "Monitoring" the meaning of a word can be understood as surveillance, determination and monitoring. In a broad sense, is in certain period pollution factor of repeated measurement, tracking the variety of pollutants, the concentration of change; In a narrow sense, determination of pollutants is periodically, determine whether achieve environmental standards or evaluation environmental management and control environmental system effect.However, conventional water quality monitoring generally take a month, and then to the laboratory analysis of samples, timeliness, cannot satisfy the water quality monitoring of the information era. Therefore, the monitoring sites on the basis of rational planning, use modern technology to monitor, river water quality data collection, transfer and storage and handling of automatic monitoring is the future of river basin water resources protection. Automatic monitoring and management, improve water quality, ensure the sustainable development in the world, has also attracted the central and local governments are highly valued.Especially since 1998 water quality monitoring in construction of automatic has developed very quickly.
The paper is aimed at environmental monitoring stations in Nanjing automatic monitoring of water pollution to be a research, analysis and developments of automatic water quality monitoring status and trends, focusing on the environmental quality monitoring system composed of Nanjing, monitoring the site layout, station system components, water quality monitoring system for the development of online course and the front-line water quality monitoring technology. And monitoring project and a summary of the relevant instruments, focusing on the conventional five parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity), BOD, COD, TOC, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index and other parameters of a detailed instructions. Water quality monitoring also analyzed the problems and propose countermeasures. Finally , Summarize the full text and look into the future.
Keyword: The water quality monitoring, Monitor project, Parameters, Problems, Countermeasures
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