生态浮床对城市污染河道的水质净化作用研究_环境科学.doc

摘要：以灌木柳、多花黑麦草为实验试材，制成柳编生态浮床，研究黑麦草柳编浮床以及柳编浮床在污染水体中的生长情况及其对污染水体氮磷的净化效果的影响。结果表明：柳编浮床对TN、NH4+-N、TP的去除率分别达91.8%、96.2%、98.1%，分别为对照组去除率的 1.30倍、1.01倍、1.56倍；而黑麦草柳编浮床组由于黑麦草处于成熟后期，且覆盖度较高，去除率低于柳编浮床组；对照组pH在7.7~9.2之间波动，利于氨的挥发，同时由于后期的硝化作用，其NH4+-N去除率也较高。结果表明，柳编浮床在污染水体中能正常生长，且对污染水体中的氮磷具有良好的净化效果，可为新型生态浮床的制作与利用提供理论参考。

关键词：生态浮床；污染河道；氮磷；净化效果

Abstract:The purification effect and mechanism on polluted water by ecological floation bed systems of Salix saposhnikovii A. K. Skvortsov and Lolium multif lorum L. were studied and the experiment went on 20 days. The results indicated: The removal rate for total nitrogen 、NH4+-N and total phosphorus of  floation bed systems of Salix saposhnikovii A. K. Skvortsov was 91.8% and 98.1%, which was 1.30,1.01 ,1.56 times greater than no plant systems, while the removal rate of Salix saposhnikovii A. K. Skvortsov and Lolium multif lorum L. was lower mainly because  Lolium multif lorum L. were in the late of maturity ,and the high coverage of the systems. Volatilization is the most likely mechanism of NH4+-N  reduction, which would be enhanced by the increasing  pH levels from 7.7 to 9.2 in control systems,while due to the nitration of nitrfying bacteria in the late of the experiment,the removal of  NH4+-N is also high. Nutrient concentrations rapidly decreased because of the direct uptake of plants. The experimental result demonstrates that the Salix saposhnikovii A. K. Skvortsov are recommended as one species of aquatic vegetation in phytoremediation for polluted water.

Key words: Ecological floating bed; Polluted rivers; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Purification effect

生态浮床是一种针对受污染的水质，利用生态工学原理，降解水体中的氮、磷及COD等的含量，且兼具景观美化和生态净化的功能性景观，一般用于地表水体的污染治理和生态修复。其净化机制是通过在浮床上种植植物，利用植物对氮、 磷等营养盐的吸收作用、根系附着微生物对污染物的降解作用，达到净化水体的目的。近年来，我国的生态浮床技术开发及用于正好处于快速发展时期。它应用无土栽培技术将水生、湿生、陆生植物移植到水面上种植，使植物不仅局限于地面种植，更多地增加了生态水系的绿化覆盖量，达到水质净化和水系美化的效果。

生态浮床是绿化技术与漂浮技术的结合体，一般由浮床框架、植物基盘、上覆植物以及水中固定或漂浮装置等组成。浮床框架一般由合成材料（如纤维强化塑料、不锈钢加发泡聚苯乙烯、盐化乙烯合成树脂等），或亲自然的材料（如竹、木条等）制作而成；植物基盘则采用合成纤维网，或由植物纤维编织而成。而利用活体植物作为浮床框架和植物基盘，并使其和上覆植物在水中正常生长的浮床制作技术鲜见报道。