摘 要:氧化锌纳米材料是一种面向21世纪的新型精细无机材料。目前，有关ZnO纳米材料的研究己经成为半导体材料研究领域的热点之一。
ZnO纳米材料制备方法很多，归结起来主要有：气相法、液相法、固相法。与其他方法相比，液相法具有原料易得，设备简单，操作过程易控制且所得粉体纯度高、均匀性好、化学组成控制准确等优点。
目前，国内外学者主要研究的方向是通过采用液相法，在前驱体溶液中加入表面活性剂来控制晶核的生长方向，以此获得的片状或棒状的纳米氧化锌单晶。
本试验基于液相法，通过加入聚乙二醇与十二烷基苯磺酸钠的共同作用，使之形成一种新的聚合物，以此来控制纳米氧化锌的成核，从而获得了球形颗粒状的纳米氧化锌单晶。并讨论了反应时间、反应温度、反应物配比、聚乙二醇与十二烷基苯磺酸钠的添加对无机粒子的成核和晶体生长的影响。
借助于X-射线衍射、透射电镜、紫外-可见光谱分析仪等手段表征和探讨了氧化锌纳米晶的物相组成、显微结构和谱学特征。通过XRD物相分析可知，所得产物的物相为球形颗粒状，直径大约为45nm；透射电镜结果表明，所得产物为球形颗粒状，粒径分布均匀；紫外-可见吸收光谱表明所制备的纳米氧化锌样品在220nm左右处有一强吸收峰。
关键词: 聚乙二醇；十二烷基苯磺酸钠；液相法；合成；纳米氧化锌
ABSTRACT:Zinc oxide nano materials was a 21st century new fine inorganic materials. At present, the research on ZnO nanomaterials by semiconductor research has become one of the hot spot in the field.
Zinc oxide nano materials preparation method are many, it comes down to basically has of gas phase method, the liquid phase methods and solid phase method. Compared with other methods of reactants, with the equipment was simple, the operation process easy control and income powder high purity and good uniformity, chemical composition control accurate, etc.
At present, the domestic and overseas scholars main research direction was by using liquid law, in the precursor body solution to add surfactant to control the growth of nuclei in the direction of sheets or obtained, the bar nanometer ZnO single crystal.
The experiment based on the liquid phase methods, by joined polyethylene glycol and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium work together to form a new polymer, in order to control the nucleation of nanometer ZnO, thus obtains the spherical granular nano-zinc oxide single crystal. And discusses reaction time, reaction temperature, and reactant ratio, polyethylene glycol and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium add for inorganic particle nucleation and the influence of crystal growth.
By X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrometer means characterization and discussed ZnO nanocrystalline thing phase composition, microstructure and spectrum learn features. An object was by XRD analysis, we can conclude that the products for the object was spherical granular and diameter approximately was about 45nm. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical granular product was uniform paricle size distribution. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra show that the sample preparation of nanometer zno in 220nm place has a strong absorption peaks.
Key words: polyethylene glycol; dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium; liquid phase method ;synthesis; zinc oxide nano
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