摘要:在医疗诉讼过程中,法官的裁决需要以鉴定结论为基础,而鉴定结论又是以病历材料为依据,所以病历材料的鉴定制度是核心。本文首先由案例引入主题,对现实存在的争议进行归纳,通过剖析我国病历材料鉴定的现状,进行客观的评价。然后,以日本和美国为例,简要介绍国外医疗纠纷鉴定制度的现状及处理办法。最后,在对我国现状的总结和对外国研究的借鉴中进行理性分析,提出要明确规定科学公正的病历材料鉴定模式,并对未来的病历材料鉴定制度进行初步的设计。
关键词:病历材料;鉴定制度;制度构建
Abstract:In the medical treatment in the process of the proceedings, the judge's decision to appraisal conclusion to as the foundation, and the appraisal conclusion is medical record as the basis, so medical record of the identification system is the core. This paper first introduced by the case theme, the real controversy concluded, through the analysis of the present situation of our country medical record identification, objective evaluation. And then, in Japan and the United States, for example, briefly introduces the present situation of medical disputes identification system and treatments. Finally, in our country's present situation of the summary of the reference of foreign research and rational analysis of, put forward specific provision science fair medical record appraisal pattern, medical record identification system design of policy, etc.
Key words: medical record; the system of identification; system construction
病历是指医务人员在医疗活动过程中形成的文字、符号、图表、影像、切片等资料的总和,包括门(急)诊病历和住院病历。一直以来,病历就是医疗诉讼中的“证据之王”,病历之争,牵动医患双方的神经。在具体案件的处理中,尤其是在申请医疗事故技术鉴定和诉讼中,往往涉及病历真实性的认定问题。病历材料是否真实是医疗事故技术鉴定结果是否客观真实的前提,是鉴定结论可靠有效的保证,也是司法判决的有力证据。离开以合乎客观、真实的病历材料为依据所做出的鉴定结论及审判,将使司法的公正和理性沦为空中楼阁。但是由于患者病情的进展及医生在临床治疗时依据患者具体病情随时可能做出诊疗的变动,决定了病历难免出现改动的情况,临床医生书写病历依然面临临床实际和法律要求的矛盾。如何认定病历是属于正常修改还是被恶意篡改?瑕疵病历究竟如何进行鉴定才能经得起法律的推敲?本文将从这几个问题出发,深入探究病历材料鉴定制度缺失的原因,并提出解决问题的良策,以确保和实现司法公正和理性,为我国医疗纠纷解决机制在立法和司法过程中提供一些参考。