试论沉默权制度.doc

摘要:沉默权的本质是人权,是每一个公民都享有人格尊严、意志自由和言论自由的权利。只有确立沉默权制度,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人权才能够得到进一步的保障，没有沉默权的权利体系是不完备的权利体系。从另一个角度来看，沉默权具有体现刑事诉讼价值、丰富刑事诉讼职能、实现刑事诉讼结构公正、完善刑事诉讼证据规则的作用。我国在国际刑事司法活动中支持沉默权,而在国内司法活动中对沉默权予以否认,这是自相矛盾的。我国应加快沉默权制度的建立，从而完善我国现代法制建设和体现我国社会主义法治精神。

关键词：保障人权；法律价值；刑事诉讼

Abstract:The essence of keeping silence belongs to human rights.the right of keeping silence can be explained as that every citizen has the dignity,free will and the right to free speech.Only by establishing the right of keeping silence,the right of suspects or the defendants'can be further enhanced.The right system is incompelete without the right of keeping silence.From another angle,the right of keep silence can be used to reflect the value of criminal lawsuit , to enrich the function of criminal lawsuit and to perfect the evidence rules of criminal lawsuit .China is in favour of silence in dealing with international criminal judicial activities but denies silence in domestic judicial activities,this is called self-controdictory.Our country should speed up the construction of system of silence so as to perfect the construction of our country's modern legal system and to reflect our country's socialism lawsuit spirit.In this paper,the author will talk about her own point of view of the establishment of the right of keeping silence on the basis of the following aspects:the legal value of the right of keeping silence;the rational feasibility of the right of keeping silence;how to establish the right system of keeping silence with Chinese characteristic.

Key words：Safeguard human rights ；Legal Value ；Criminal procedure

　　　在现代各国刑事诉讼中，犯罪嫌疑人已不再是单纯地处于被追究的诉讼客体地位，而是被视为诉讼主体，国家有义务通过设定一系列刑事诉讼法律程序和规则来保障无辜者不受刑事追究，保障犯罪嫌疑人的政治、人身权利。我国宪法规定公民的人格尊严不受侵犯，无论是无罪的人还是有罪的人都有相应的人权。但是在我国的司法实践中，犯罪嫌疑人或被告人的人权根本得不到保障。沉默权不仅是一种自由也是一种权利，在刑事诉讼的特定空间下，特别是在犯罪嫌疑人被羁押的条件下，面对强大的侦察机关和制度性的审讯压力，沉默权是犯罪嫌疑人维持自身人格尊严的最后一道防线。犯罪嫌疑人没有沉默的权利，还要强迫自证其罪，它不仅承受了身体折磨还再一次的遭受把自己投进监狱的精神折磨，这有背于人道主义。