摘要:证人证言是我国的法定证据形式,证据的重要来源。证人不作证或者作虚假的证言,不但会影响判决的结果和个案的正义,更会造成审判资源的误用与浪费。我国2001年通过的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》,表明我国对证人作证制度有所重视,然而,时至今日,关于证人作证制度的资格范围、权利保障与义务履行等方面仍有许多值得探讨的空间,这是本文所以选择其为研究主题的原因。本文主要采用了比较的方法,对外国的证人制度进行比较分析,对民事诉讼证人作证制度的相关问题,即证人资格、证人出庭作证的义务及强制实现该义务、证人出庭作证制度、伪证行为的惩戒、证人作证特免权及证人及近亲属的人身财产保护等问题作一粗浅的研究,以形成对民事证人制度的较为完整的认识。针对我国证人制度立法方面存在的缺陷,借鉴外国的立法经验,结合我国的具体国情,笔者对完善这一制度提出自己的一点见解与构想,以期对我国民事诉讼证人制度的建构有所裨益。
关键词:民事诉讼;证人作证制度;证人资格;存在问题;完善建议
Abstract:Testimony of a witness as legal evidence of criminal, testimony of witnesses is the core. Testimony of the witnesses not to testify or make false, will not only affect the results of the decision and the Justice of the case, will result in the trial the misuse and waste of resources. Adopted in 2001,The Provisions of Civil Procedure Evidence, on the testimony of a witness, of course is a big breakthrough, however, even today, on the scope of witness system of qualifications, rights and obligations, and so there is still a lot to explore space, this is the cause of this article so I chose the topic for research. This main used has comparison of method, on two Dafa of of witnesses system for comparison analysis, on civil witnesses testify system of related problem, is witnesses qualification, and witnesses appear testify of obligations and the forced implementation the obligations, and witnesses appear testify system, and perjury behavior of disciplinary, and witnesses testify special from right and the witnesses and the near relatives of personal property protection, problem for a superficial of research, to formed on civil witnesses system of more full of awareness.
Key words: Civil procedure,Witness system,witness qualification,problem,improvement proposals
证人证言是民事诉讼中普遍使用的一种证据,具有描述性的确定性的特征。它与书证、物证、视听资料、当事人陈述、鉴定结论、勘验笔录等证据相互印证,使民事诉讼证据链条的各个环节成为有机的整体,共同证明案件的事实。但长期以来,在我国的民事诉讼立法和司法活动中,对证人制度一直未有足够的重视,程序规范疏漏,法律约束不力,致使证人拒不作证或拒不出庭、证人作伪证等现象普遍存在。对当事人而言,这种状况使得本来就十分有限的证据资源显得更加匮乏,影响了正当诉讼请求的实现;而对于司法机关而言,则是增加了法官查证的负担,影响案件事实的认定,不利于提高诉讼效率和办案质量。由于我国立法存在严重缺陷,导致证人作证制度有许多不足之处,例如证人主体资格界定不科学,证人权利义务内容严重失衡,证人的权益保障措施匮乏以及惩罚措施不力等问题。有鉴于此,本文从分析目前我国证人作证制度存在的问题及其原因的角度出发,通过比较法研究各国的证人作证制度,借鉴外国立法,结合我国实际,提出几点完善我国现行民事诉讼证人作证制度的建议,第一,科学界定证人资格,取消单位作证的资格;第二,明确规定证人享有作证特免权;第三,明确证人拒不出庭作证的法律责任;第四,对证人作伪证行为制定明确的惩罚机制;第五,重视对证人的权益保障。通过上述建议,以期为我国证人作证制度的完善提供参考,减少民事诉讼中证人出庭作证率低、证人拒绝作证和作伪证的现象,保证人民法院审判的顺利进行,维护司法公正,推进司法改革。