沉默权制度探讨.doc

摘要:论文主要内容是通过对沉默权的探讨与分析，为建立有中国特色的沉默权制度提出合理建议。文章由四部分组成，第一部分，阐述了沉默权的产生，并对其价值取向作出分析。沉默权对于保障人权具有积极作用，同时沉默权作为一种制衡司法机关的手段，它同打击犯罪是直接冲突的。第二部分，论文对我国引入沉默权的利弊进行分析。衡量一项刑事诉讼制度的好坏，要看它在惩罚犯罪与保护人权两个方面能否做到合理平衡，从而得出中国必须引进沉默权制度的结论。第三部分，介绍英、美两国对沉默权的改革、限制的内容，指出对我们的启示。第四部分，在中国特色沉默权的构建方面，提出应从实际和国情出发，建立一种打击犯罪与保护人权兼顾，保护沉默与鼓励供述共生的沉默权制度。

关键词：沉默权；米兰达规则；刑事诉讼；无罪推定原则

Abstract:The main point of the thesis is to raise some reasonable suggestions on the establishment of the right to remain silent with Chinese characteristics through discussion and analysis of the right to remain silent. The thesis is consisted of four parts. The first part, described the process of the creation of the right to remain silent, and analyzes its inner value. The right to remain silent for the protection of human rights has a positive effect, while it as a means of checks and balances on the judiciary, which with the fight against crime is a direct conflict. The second part, the thesis analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the right to remain silent in China. The quality measure of a criminal system depends on its punishment of crime and protection of human rights can be a reasonable balance between the two aspects, so as to come to China to introduce the right to remain silent this conclusions. The third part, introduced the reform of British and the United States to the right to remain silent, the content restrictions that revelation to us. The fourth part, as to the construction of the Chinese characteristic the right to remain silent, the author argues that we should establish such kind of system as beating crime and protecting human rights, protecting silence and encouraging confess on the basis of the actual and national conditions.

Key words: the right to remain silent；Miranda rule；criminal procedure；the presumption of innocence

　　　我们通过前文对沉默权的评价和可行性论证，应当说我国现行的经济制度、社会基础和价值观念已具备了承载这一制度本土化的能力。由于我国不是初创而是引进，有英美国家可供借鉴的历史，我们完全可以“趋利避害”，建立符合我国国情的有限沉默权制度，其中既要注重保护人权，又要防止沉默权绝对化对司法侦讯权产生的不利影响。但在确立沉默权时，必须对它可能给诉讼制度和司法实践带来的积极作用和消极影响有一个明确、清醒的认识，既不能指望沉默权制度带来整个刑事制度的变革，也应看到其对人权保障所起到的巨大作用。尤其还要注意相关制度的建立和程序规则的完善，以便在维护程序合理实施的同时，最大限度地发挥沉默权制度的人权保障功能，以期其成为一项有实质意义的法律权利，而不只是一项空洞的权利宣言。