论我国缔约过失责任制度的完善.doc

摘要:缔约过失责任起源于德国，直至1999年《合同法》的颁布才在我国出现了关于缔约过失责任的一般性规定。本文通过分析完善缔约过失责任制度的价值，从有利于保护缔约当事人、贯彻诚实信用原则以及权利受侵害后能得到及时的救济三方面指出完善该制度在我国的必要性和重要性。由于缔约过失制度在我国属于起步阶段，在现行法律法规中对缔约过失责任的一些规定依然存在不足的地方，所以在司法实践中没有统一的标准、各地也没能达成共识。笔者通过借鉴缔约过失责任制度在国外不同法系国家的实践经验，对我国完善缔约过失责任制度提出了若干建议。

关键词：缔约过失；信赖利益；先合同义务；制度完善

Abstract:The contracting fault liability originated in Germany，until 1999，“contract law”promulgated in our country about contracting fault liability in the general provisions．This paper analyzes the improvement of culpa in contrahendo from value,is conducive to the protection of the parties，carry out the principle of honesty and credit and guarantee the rights to receive timely relief three aspects it points out that to improve the system in our country and the importance and necessity of．As a result of the contracting fault system in our country is the initial stage, the current laws and regulations of the contracting fault liability provisions still exist some deficiencies, so in the judicial practice there is no uniform standard，each district also failed to reach a consensus．The author through the reference of the contracting fault liability system in foreign countries with different legal systems of practical experience，for perfecting the system of contracting fault responsibility and puts forward some suggestions．

Key Word：Contracting fault；Reliance interest； The first contract duty； System perfection

　　　缔约过失责任是违反义务的法律后果。依据诚实信用原则，当事人应负有相互协力、通知、说明、照顾、保护等附随义务。缔约过失责任的理论基础，是建立在诚实信用原则基础之上的先合同义务。一旦由于缔约当事人在缔约过程中违反了诚实信用原则所应负的先合同义务，导致既不同于违约责任，又不同于侵权责任的新的责任形态即缔约过失责任的产生。但是根据“无损失，无责任”原则，缔约过失责任也必须有损失，此种损失属于信赖利益的损失如：缔约费用、履约准备费用、因信赖合同成立而购租房屋、厂房、机器设备或雇工所支付的费用等。对于此类损失的确定是一个棘手的问题，有时根本难以认定，这就导致了在司法实践中可能会出现赔偿范围过宽或过窄，甚至漫无边际的现象，以致于出现对同一类型案件有不同的判案结果，因此，完善缔约过失责任制度有利于缔约当事人在其利益受损后得到及时的救济。