浅论胎儿的民事主体资格立法.doc

摘要:胎儿民事权益的保护是我国法律所面临的一个十分现实的问题。世界上越来越多的国家倾向于在民事立法上确认胎儿的民事主体资格。我国现行民法不承认胎儿的民事主体地位，从而导致了胎儿的很多利益得不到法律的有效保护，不利于胎儿出生后的健康成长。因此，有必要在借鉴国外立法经验的基础上，在宪法、民法、民事诉讼法中确认胎儿的民事主体资格。

　　　本文基于保护胎儿利益的现实需要，结合中国民事立法的现状，分析胎儿民事主体资格的立法必要性及对比了两大法系对胎儿民事主体资格及利益保护范围的不同，并提供了立法对策的建议。

关键词: 胎儿；民事主体资格；民事权利；立法保护

Abstract:Civil rights and interests of the fetus protection laws in China are facing a very realistic problem. In the civil legislation, more and more countries tend to confirm the status of civil subject of fetus. China's current civil law does not recognize the status of civil subject position of fetus, which leads to that many fetus's benefits can not get effective legal protection and it is harmful to the healthy growth of the fetus after birth. Therefore, it is necessary to countersign the civil main rights of fetus in civil law, constitution, civil procedure law by referring the foreign lawmaking experiences.

　　　Based on the practical demand, this thesis integrates the current legislating situation in China, analyzing the legislation necessity of fetus civil main rights, comparing the differences towards the civil main rights of fetus and the interest protection scope in two legal systems and providing the suggestions of legislation countermeasures.

Key Words: fetus; qualifications of civil subject; civil rights; legislation protection

　　　胎儿民事主体资格的理论研究是中国法学面临的一个难题。我国现行法律中涉及胎儿利益保护的法律条款仅有继承法中的一个规则。世界上越来越多的国家倾向于在民事立法上确认胎儿的民事法律主体地位，我国否认民事权利享有的现状已经不能充分保护胎儿的民事权益。并且，与胎儿权利保护相关的纠纷在当前的司法实践中不断地出现。因此，有必要在借鉴国外立法经验的基础上，在未来的民法典中确认胎儿的民事主体地位，同时明确胎儿的民事权利范围，从而真正有效全面地保护胎儿的民事权益。