试论民事审判中法官的自由裁量权.doc

摘要:法官自由裁量权就是在民事审判过程中，法官酌情认定事实或在多种合法的法律解决方案之间进行合理选择的权力。它作用于审判的过程中，是由法律所赋予的一种司法权力，并具有优先性与客观性。审判实践中，法官行使自由裁量权裁判案件主要存在两方面的问题，一是不当行使自由裁量权造成法律适用不统一，影响了法院判决的权威性和稳定性；再是滥用自由裁量权办理关系案、人情案、金钱案，助长司法腐败之风，损害了法律的公平正义价值。针对上述问题，本文对法官在民事审判中的自由裁量权进行系统研究，进而提出规范我国法官在民事审判中的自由裁量权的建议，以便更好地实现司法正义。

关键词：自由裁量权；司法独立；司法改革

Abstract:The discretion of the judge's civil trial, the judge in the process of discretion in ascertaining the facts or the legitimate legal solutions to carry on the reasonable choice between the power. Its role in the process of judgment, is given by law a judicial power, and has the priority and objectivity. In practice of trial，there are two problems existent in discretion of judge: one is abuse of discretion which harms uniformity of law application and damages the authority and stability of judgement by court; the other problem is that the abuse contributes to judicial corruption devastates legal justice and equity. In view of the above questions, this paper in a civil trial judges discretion of systematic research in China, and puts forward the civil trial judge in regulating the exercise of discretion of advice, so as to better achieve judicial justice.

Key words：Discretion；Judicial independence；Judicial reform

　　　法官的自由裁量权在本质上是一种在特定的情形下才能行使的选择权，这种选择的权力受到公平和正义的限制，需要在符合法理的前提下才得以行使，其最终的结果就是追求个案处理结果的公正合理，实现审判的正义。但在我国现阶段，法官在审判过程中通过主观判断来行使裁量权的时候，往往会出现不当行使自由裁量权造成法律适用不统一的现象，影响了法院判决的权威性和稳定性；同时，由于我国民事诉讼立法不完善，法官的整体素质偏低，导致法官难以正确行使自由裁量权。针对上述问题，我们很有必要对民事审判中法官的自由裁量权进行深入地研究。