试论我国环境侵权举证立法的完善.doc

摘要:我国民事法律及相关司法解释中规定了环境侵权举证责任倒置原则。但是，在司法实践中，环境侵权诉讼的当事人能够举出有力证据胜诉并且能够及时得到适当的司法救济的不多。在环境侵权诉讼中，日益呈现了当事人举证难的现象。本文针对这个现象，分析了环境侵权举证难的根源，指出在我国现行环境侵权举证责任分配制度中存在举证能力弱、鉴定制度不完善、行政机关不作为等问题。为解决此问题，笔者运用所学的法律知识，并借鉴美国相关的法律规定，论述了通过国家立法完善举证责任分配原则，完善鉴定制度和制定惩罚性赔偿制度。以真正减轻当事人的举证负担，达到通过民事诉讼伸张社会公平、正义的目的。

关键词：环境侵权；举证责任；举证能力；鉴定；惩罚性赔偿

Abstract:China's civil law and relevant judicial interpretation of the provisions of the environmental tort Reversal of the burden of proof principle. However, in judicial practice, the environmental tort litigation, the parties can cite strong evidence in favor of and timely access to appropriate judicial relief not. Environmental tort litigation, and increasingly in the phenomenon of the parties the burden of proof. For this phenomenon, the root cause of the difficulty of proof of environmental tort testify weak identification system is imperfect, the executive authorities as that in the current distribution system of the burden of proof for the Environment and infringement. To resolve this problem, I use the knowledge of the law, and to draw on the relevant legal provisions in the United States, discusses the national legislation to improve the distribution of the burden of proof, to improve the identification system and the development of the punitive damages system. To really lighten the burden of proof of the parties to reach through civil litigation uphold social justice and purpose.

Key words: environmental tort；burden of proof；burden of proof；appraisal；punitive damages

　　　这环境侵权的特点反映了这些特点在环境侵权举证方面衍生各种各样的问题，同时也表明了是导致受害人举证难的各种影响因素。但是时至今天，仍存在着当事人无法举证却又得不到适当的救济的情况或者面对巨额的鉴定费用而无力取证的情况，又或者请求相关部门帮助却被拒之门外的诸多情况等等。这些五花八门的情况都是环境侵权举证制度不完善而直接导致的，因此，完善环境侵权举证制度，加强环境的保护而治理，已成为当务之急。据此，笔者抛砖引玉，试论环境侵权举证之完善。