试论我国惩罚性赔偿制度的不足与完善.doc

摘要:惩罚性赔偿制度是英美法中的一种民事损害赔偿制度，也是英美法中颇具争议的法律制度之一。自我国首次以特别法的形式，即于1993年颁布的《消费者权益保护法》，确立了惩罚性赔偿制度以来，该制度逐渐在各领域得到推广，如在2003年发布的《关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》、2009年颁布的《食品安全法》、2009年通过的《侵权责任法》都规定了惩罚性赔偿，但这些法律法规规定的惩罚性赔偿在现实适用中还有许多不尽如人意之处，存在很多局限，因此有必要对此进行完善。本文阐述了我国确立惩罚性赔偿制度的必要性，并就其完善提出了一些建议，以期更加有效的保障人们的合法权益和促使我国法律制度的健全。

关键词：惩罚性赔偿制度；损害赔偿；侵权行为

Abstract:Punitive damages system is one kind of civil compersation for damages in the common laws,it’s also one ofcontroversial legal system in the common laws. In 1993,china enacted the Consumer Protection Law,For the first time in the form of a special law to determine the punitive damages.In 2003,china issued the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court onthe Relevant Issues concerning the Application of Law for Trying Cases on Dispute over Contract for the Sale of Commodity Houses.In this law,article8、9 provided that it should be given punitive damages in case of dolus malus or default.What’s more, Food Safety Law also dealed with punitive damages,which was enacted in 2009.On December 26th, 2009. by the Tort Liability Law,it provided a clear legal provisions to punitive damages. However,all of these laws have many things Less than satisfactory,they are still exit many limitations.This paper describes the need of establishing the system of punitive damages,and provides some suggetions for its more satisfactory, in order to protect people’s legal interests more effectively,And to promote the integrity of our legal system. 

Key words：Punitive Damages System; Compensation for Damages; Infringement Act

　　　传统民事损害赔偿的基本理念，无论是合同责任或是侵权责任，都是一种补偿性的赔偿责任。补偿性的赔偿责任要求加害方赔偿的只是实际损失，难以对加害者起到警示的作用，无法杜绝类似的损害行为再次发生。惩罚性赔偿制度则突破了这一理念，将过错原则引入。作为确定赔偿范围的考量因素，在弥补因违约或侵权行为导致的受害方的损失之外，对加害方判处额外的赔偿金。从而有效地打击屡教不改的加害方，更好地保障权利人的合法利益。分析我国的惩罚性赔偿制度存在的问题，探索出完善的建议，具有重要的理论和实践意义。