跨界环境损害的国家责任制度研究.doc

摘要:随着科技的高速发展以及高新技术的广泛应用，世界各国都积极的致力于对能源、外空、海底等的开发利用，这些活动也对本国甚至是周边国家环境造成了极大的损害。为了解决跨界环境损害事件，国家在国际环境问题中正承担着越来越大的责任。但是，目前有关跨界环境损害的国家责任制度还很不完善，很多问题没有解决。基于这个问题的理论研究价值和现实意义，本文主要从跨界环境损害的国家责任制度存在的必要性，跨界环境损害国家责任制度适用的困境和完善等方面进等方面进行探讨。同时，本文还分析了中国政府在跨界环境损害责任问题上的基本立场，并提出了几点建议，希望对中国政府以后在立法和行动中提供一点借鉴意义。

关键词：跨界环境损害；国家责任；归责原则；因果关系；损害范围

Abstract:With the rapid developments in technology and the wide application of high and new technology, many countries in the word are focusing on the development and utilization of energy, outer space resources and undersea resources, these activities caused great damages to the environment of the country and even the surrounding countries. In order to solve the trans-boundary environmental damage  accidents,the country is undertaking the more and more responsibility. But, at present, the state responsibility system is far complete, many problems don't get solved. Based on the issue's theoretical research value and real meaning, This article mainly from the necessity of existence of the state responsibility system in trans-boundary environmental damage, its plight of application and complete are discussed. Moreover,the author introduces the attitude and position of our government at this point,there are a few suggestions for our government to deal with the problem,hoping that the suggestions in this thesis can work as some useful reference for our government in legislation and activities later.

Key words: trans-boundary environmental damage；state responsibility；doctrine of liability fixation；causal relationship；damage range

　　　跨界环境损害是伴随着科技的迅速发展和资源的开发利用而来的，它给人们带来的危害大多是灾难性的，甚至是无法弥补的。在跨界环境损害国家责任制度中，无论是国际上的立法还是其他国内的立法，都在追求一种完善的制度机制，意图全面有效的保护本已脆弱的环境。虽然现阶段，跨界环境损害的国家责任制度还很不完善，还有很多困境，但是我们不应悲观失望，制度的不完善是暂时的。国家承担国际法上的责任是解决跨界环境损害的一项重要手段，当前国际社会应该积极推动国际责任条约的完善和生效，明确国家责任制度的适用范围，使得跨界环境损害事件的解决有法可依。同时加强国际法院作用，为跨界环境损害事件的解决提供一个方便、快捷、有效的机制。