论宪法中教育权的平等保护--以高考招生为分析视角.doc

摘 要：教育平等权，即受教育的平等权。它有着人权和公民权的双重属性。作为人权，它的价值依据是人的尊严与人的价值，规范依据是国际人权法；作为公民权利，它的依据是我国宪法以及相关法律法规。高考制度是教育教学和人才筛选的基本制度之一。从恢复高考制度三十余年的教育实践看，高考制度对于促进教育发展、保障教育公平、重构教育秩序发挥了重要作用。招生制度主要包括招生政策、规定、管理办法等。我国现行的高考招生制度从主流上可概括为“统一考试分省录取”模式。

　　目前各地高校招生存在普遍的地方保护主义，在很大程度上是因为中央教育部门在教育机会平等方面的监管缺失。因为高校在财政、土地等资源上对地方政府的依赖不断加强，在制定招生计划时面临当地政府和居民的双重压力就不可能做到对全国各地考生一视同仁。要切实维护各地考生的平等受教育的合法权益，政府应运用行政手段，在全国范围内建立并实施公平和统一的录取标准。逐步遏制招生中的地方保护主义，保证各地考生接受高等教育的平等权利。

关键词：教育平等权 高考制度 招生制度 平等保护 权益

Abstract：Equal right to education, that is, equal rights to education. It has the dual properties of human and civil rights. As human rights, its value in accordance with human dignity and human values​​, norms based on international human rights law; as civil rights, it is based on our Constitution and relevant laws and regulations. The college entrance examination system is one of the basic system of education, teaching and personnel screening. From the reopening of the system of educational practice for 30 years, the college entrance examination system played an important role for the promotion of education development, and ensuring equity in education, reconstruction of the education order. Enrollment system including admissions policies, regulations, and management approach. The current college enrollment system can be summarized as "Examination provincial admission" model from the mainstream.

　　　Around college entrance there is a widespread local protectionism, in large part because of the lack of supervision of the central education departments in the equality of educational opportunities. Colleges and universities rely on local government finance, land and other resources continue to strengthen, facing the dual pressures of local government and residents in the development of the enrollment plan it is impossible to be treated equally on all parts of the country candidates. Necessary to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests around the candidates equal access to education, the government should use administrative means to establish and implement a fair and uniform admission standards in the country. Gradually curb the enrollment of local protectionism, and to ensure equal rights for all over the candidates for higher education.

Keywords: Equal right to education、College entrance examination system、Enrollment system、Equal protection、Rights and interests