不安抗辩与预期违约制度的整合.doc

摘要:不安抗辩制度来源于罗马法上的抗辩制度，它是随着合同责任风险承担的发展而发展起来的一种一种制度，是我们大陆法系中一个传统的制度。与之相对应的英美法系用的是预期违约制度，它认为合同义务履行期到来之前债务人就已声明不履行合同义务或其行为，客观情况已经表明其不会履行合同义务，那么约束预期违约方的行为，是有利于合同法上的公平正义的。1999年3月我国的颁布《中华人民共和国合同法》在继承大陆法基本框架和体系的同时也部分引进了英美法中的预期违约制度。但这种兼收并蓄的制度安排是否达到预期效果在我国法学理论界有着激烈争论。有人认为英美法的预期违约制度优于大陆法系的不安抗辩制度，应当全面引进预期违约制度；也有人认为不同法系的法律制度会引起法律体系的混乱，主张坚持和完善不安抗辩制度。我觉得一种好的制度不应该拘泥于形式，只要内容丰富，能够更加合理地解决问题就是一个好的制度。所以我想为何不能把两种制度中的内容拿过来用，两种制度相互借鉴学习，特别是在一种制度本身有缺陷的地方合理地移植另一种制度，从而达到完善本国法律体系的目的。我将从两种制度的基本理论入手，对两种制度进行全面的分析，指出我国《合同法》同时存在两种制度的合理性，并对相关法条进行分析，就法条完善方面提出自己的意见。

关键词：预期违约 不安抗辩权 制度整合

Abstract:Plea from the Roman Law system, the defense system, which is a contractual liability exposure with the development of a developed a system is in a traditional system of civil law. Corresponding common law breach of contract is expected to use the system to fulfill its contractual obligations that the debtor had been declared prior to the arrival of the obligations under the contract or act, the objective has been shown that it does not fulfill its contractual obligations, then the defaulting party is expected constraints behavior, contract law is conducive to a fair justice. March 1999 China promulgated the "Contract Law" in the succession of the basic framework and system of civil law at the same time part of the introduction of the common law of anticipatory breach. But this eclectic arrangements achieve the desired results system in our country has a fierce debate over legal theory. Some people think that the anticipatory breach of common law is superior to civil unrest defense system, the introduction of anticipatory breach should be comprehensive; also suggested that different legal systems, legal systems can cause confusion in the legal system, advocates maintain and improve unstable counter system. I think a good system should not rigidly adhere to the form, as long as rich in content, can be more reasonable solution to the problem is a good system. So I wonder why the two systems can not take over with the contents of the two systems learn from each other, especially in a system where its own flawed system is reasonably portable alternative to achieve the objective of improving its legal system . I will start with the basic theory of two systems, on a comprehensive analysis of the two systems, that China's "Contract Law" while the rationality of the existence of two systems, and related articles were analyzed to improve the articles put forward their own comments.

Key words: Anticipatory breach  Right to Plea  System Integration