内容摘要：产品责任是指产品生产者、销售者因生产、销售缺陷产品致使他人遭受人身伤害、财产损失或有致使他人遭受人身伤害、财产损失之虞而应承担的赔偿损失、消除危险、停止侵害等责任的特殊侵权责任。产品缺陷是承担产品责任的前提，是产品侵权行为的构成要件，更是产品侵权的核心。在理论和实践中，产品缺陷的概念和认定标准是解决产品侵权问题的关键，其中认定标准的发展与选择折射出对消费者的保护力度。此外，在产品侵权责任中，基于平衡消费者和生产者利益时抗辩事由应当重新考量。本文以《侵权责任法》和《产品质量法》为基础，考察产品缺陷的基本内涵、相关概念的辨析、认定标准以及抗辩事由，以期明晰产品责任中产品缺陷的研究，彰显侵权责任法以救济为主的价值取向。
关键词：产品缺陷 基本内涵 认定标准 抗辩事由
Abstract:Product liability refers to a special tort liability including a producer or seller’s obliged loss compensation, damage removal, injunction cease and so on due to his producing and selling defective products which has caused or will likely cause others to suffer personal injury, property damage. Product defect is not only the premise of product liability, but also the basic criterion and nucleus of product tort liability. In theory and practice, the concept and accreditation standard of product defect are the key to solving the problem of product tort liability, in which the development and choice of the accreditation standard reflects the protection of consumers. Additionally, in product tort liability, the counterplea of product defect should be reconsidered based on the interests balance between consumers and producers. On the basis of Tort Liability Law and Product Quality Law, this paper attempts to explore the basic connotations, distinguishing of concepts, accreditation standard and justifications of product defect, in an effort to clarify the researches of it in product liability and thus demonstrate the values of relief prioritized Tort Liability Law.
Key words: Product defect，Basic connotations, Conceptual standards of defectiveness justifications, Counterplea of product defect
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