探讨国际私法中弱者利益的保护问题.doc

摘要:随着国际民商事交往的不断扩大,目前许多国家不仅在自己的实体法中，而且也从国际私法角度开始关注对特殊身份者——弱者的保护。保护弱者权利已日渐深入人心，在立法与司法实践中获得了越来越广的运用。但纵观国际国内国际私法立法对弱者的保护，都存在保护对象范围狭窄，保护方法不足等缺陷。因此,我们应在注重形式正义的同时更多的关注实质正义,使弱者的利益得到维护,促进民商事的发展,实现国际私法的最高价值。通过对实质正义、有关保护弱者权益的具体规则及在我国国际私法中的体现等展开各方面论述，提出保护弱者利益原则为国际私法的基本原则，“有利于弱者利益的法”能成为系属公式的完善建议。 

关键词：国际私法；弱者利益；公共秩序保留

Abstract:As international civil and commercial activities has been expanding in a rapid speed , at present a lot of countries not only in their own entity law, but also in the international law begin to pay attention to the special status -- the protection of the weak. Protection the rights of the weak has gained a widely application in the legislation and the judicial practice. But throughout the domestic and international laws in protecting of the weak, some shortages like the narrow range of the objects, the disadvantages of protection method are still existing. Therefore, we should focus more on  substantial justice than formalistic justice, because only doing that can the interest of the weak be maintained, the civil and commercial activities be well development, the highest value of international private law be achieved .So the author strives to analyze the principle of protecting the interest of the weak ,the specific rules in maintain the rights of the weak and the reflection on the private international law in China and so on. We hope that legislators can establish protection the interest of the weak to be a basic principle and set up “the benefit to the weak” as a formula.

Key words:  private international law；the interest of the weak；the reservation of public order

国际私法层面上的弱者，是指在国际民商事关系中处于弱势地位或者不利地位的当事人，主要包括涉外婚姻家庭领域中需要确认是否有婚生地位的子女、被监护人、被收养人、被抚养人等，涉外侵权中的受害一方，涉外合同领域消费者合同中的消费者及雇佣合同中的被雇用人等。这种弱势地位可能表现在当事人的经济地位方面，也可能表现在当事人的技能或信息方面，特别是在经济全球化的今天，国际上民商事来往也越来越紧密,致使国际民商事主体间的不平等性也越发突出，为了促进正常的国际间的经贸来往，维护实质结果的正义，以国际民商事关系为调整对象的国际私法对弱者权益的保护也越来越明显。对弱者权益的保护不仅是国际私法追求实质正义和人文关怀的体现，也是“法律面前人人平等”原则的延伸。保护弱者权益已经成为国际私法立法中的一股潮流，在司法实践中占有重要地位。