试析北极海域200海里以外大陆架的法律争端.doc

摘要:北极争端是全世界共同关注的焦点。随着北极冰盖的融化，开采北极蕴藏丰富的石油、矿产资源越来越具有现实可行性，北极地区200海里外大陆架划界问题已经成为海洋法领域新的热点问题。本文主要通过《联合国海洋法公约》及相关法律制度的认识，近一步分析北极地区200海里外大陆架划界的国际法基础、主要法律问题以及学界对解决该问题的建议。从而得到200海里外大陆架划界不可能通过某一特定程序一次性解决，而是现有国际法框架内各国共同参与、区分不同阶段、依次解决多个问题的综合过程。北极地区200海里外大陆架问题不仅仅是地区事务，也同非北极国家切身利益息息相关，其不单单是沿海国家的主权权利，同样与各国的经济利益相联系。中国应当加强该问题的研究，以期做出积极、适当的反应。

关键词：北极200海里外大陆架；《联合国海洋法公约》；大陆架延伸

Abstract:Arctic are rich in oil and mineral resources increasingly realistic feasibility, outside the delimitation of the continental shelf, 200 nautical miles of the Arctic has become a hot issue of the law of the sea. In this paper, through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and of the legal system, further analysis of the international legal basis for the delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles of the Arctic region, the main legal issues, and academia to solve the problem. Resulting in the delimitation of the continental shelf of 200 nautical miles by a specific program to solve a one-time, but within the framework of existing international law, all countries involved, the distinction between the different stages, in order to solve a number of issues process. 200 nautical miles of outer continental shelf in the Arctic is not just regional affairs, but also closely linked with the vital interests of the non-Arctic countries, not just the sovereign rights of coastal states, the same economic interests.China should strengthen the study of the problem, in order to make positive and appropriate response.

Key words: Arctic 200miles outer continental shelf;UNCLOS;Extend continental shelf

　　　北冰洋周边的陆地包括欧亚大陆、北美大陆、格陵兰岛、北极群岛、斯瓦尔巴群岛等。北极地区的绝大多数岛屿位于北冰洋的大陆架上。北冰洋沿岸国有俄罗斯、加拿大、美国、丹麦(格陵兰岛)和挪威(斯瓦尔巴群岛)五国。国土进入北极圈内的国家还有瑞典、芬兰和冰岛。目前北极海域200海里外大陆架划界问题已经成为海洋法领域新的热点问题。200海里外大陆架外部界限划定，不仅关系对沿海国的主权权利，同时与各国的经济利益相联系。对深海中丰富的矿藏能否尽可能多地拥有，对于沿海国的经济发展有着重要的意义。各北极国家正在加大北极资源的勘察和开发利用的步伐，涉及诸多国际法、海洋法问题，有必要深入研究和探讨。