摘要:2011年下半年以来,民间借贷备受关注。种种迹象表明,民间借贷从幕后走向了台前。微观上,中小企业自身的高风险特征,以及融资的短、小、促、频等特点,与民间金融不谋而合,高风险追逐高回报,这是市场的自然规律。宏观来说,资本市场的不完善,银行等正规金融机构避险本质,决定了中小企业不可能从正规金融机构获得充足的资金。纵观我国的发展,凡是民营经济发展较好的地方,无不是民间借贷盛行的地方。在当前保增长促就业压力不减,4万亿政府投资需要数量更为庞大的后续投资的形势下,如何撬动民间资本,正确引导民间资本投向就显得更为重要。对于民间借贷,宜疏不宜堵,只有从法律层面上加以规范,营造公平的国民企的融资环境,发展小额放贷公司等民间金融组织,使得民间借贷体制化和规范化,才能推动这种草根金融的发展,从而大大改善中小企业融资困难的局面。
关键词:民间借贷;民间借贷利率;小额放贷公司
Abstract:Since the second half of 2011, folk is leasehold concern. All the signs indicate that, borrowing from behind the scenes to taiwan. Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and the characteristic of high risk, financing, small, short of, frequency characteristics, and the folk financial agree without prior without previous consultation, high risk high return on the market chase, is the natural law. In broad terms, the capital market is not perfect, the formal financial institutions such as banks hedging essence, determines the SMEs can not from the formal financial institutions to obtain sufficient funds. Throughout our development, where the private economy development better place, all without exception is borrowing the prevailing local. In the current maintaining growth and promoting employment pressures are not reduced, 4 trillion government investment requires an even larger number of follow-up investment situation, how to move the folk capital, correctly guide the private capital to appear more important. The folk debit and credit, should not be reduced to blocking, only from the perspective of law to regulate the national enterprises, create a fair financing environment, development of small loans companies such as the folk financial organization, the folk debit and credit system and standardization, in order to promote the development of the rural finance development, thereby greatly improving the financing difficult situation.
Key Word:Private lending;private lending rates;Small loan company
本论文选取的研究对象是中小企业,主要的研究内容是民间借贷对于解决我国中小企业融资的可行性。通过中小企业融资渠道分析、民间借贷的特点、历史实践等方法来论证民间借贷是解决我国中小企业融资的可行办法。中小企业内部环境和国家现行的金融体制,决定了中小企业不可能获取更多的银行信贷。同时,由于我国股票市场、债券市场发展还不成熟,中小企业的融资渠道更显狭窄。民间借贷是在这样的内外环境下所催生的一种资金融通方式。由于民间借贷天然地解决了信息不对称的难题,使得民间借贷的坏账率其实并不高。它相当于一种风险投资,资金供求双方自愿承担各自的责任,风险偏好者追逐高资金回报,资金需求者满足了资金的需求,是市场的一种自发的资源配置过程。我们发现,台湾、福建、温州等工业发展较快的地区,都是民间借贷活跃的地区。纵观这些地区的企业发展,无不是有着悠久的民间借贷历史,民间借贷是这些地区企业融资的一条重要的支柱。无论是对于中小企业融资的内外环境分析,民间借贷本身的认识,还是历史证明,都向我们揭示了民间借贷对于解决我国中小企业融资的有效性。对于民间借贷,只能疏,不能堵。总的来说,解决民间借贷,一方面需要发挥政府的力量,改革现有的金融体制,尊重市场运行的规律,逐步地摆脱我国一直以来的行政手段支配资本市场的模式,给与金融市场活力。另一方面,应对民间借贷规范化、合法化、阳光化。