摘 要：资本结构是中小企业理财的关键环节，也是中小企业治理的关键。中小企业资本结构是否合理，不仅对企业的筹资能力产生重要影响，而且对企业筹资乃至投资战略目标的实现都起着决定性的作用。资本结构是否合理将会直接影响到企业目前和将来的发展状况，甚至会影响到企业的生死存亡。随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展和现代企业制度的建立，企业的筹资渠道和筹资方式日趋多元化，资本结构的优化已成为现代中小企业筹资决策中的核心问题。
鉴于此，本文以资本结构理论为基础，强调了资本结构优化对中小企业的目的及其意义，针对我国企业资本结构的现状分析了其资本结构存在问题及其形成原因，用定量、定性分析方法分析最佳资本结构。并有针对性的对中小企业如何完善资本结构提出具体措施和建议。
关键字：中小企业 资本结构 结构现状 优化
ABSTRACT：Capital structure is the key to corporate finance and corporate governance. Whether the capital structure of small and medium-sized enterprises is reasonable, not only has a significant impact on the enterprises’ ability to raise funds, but also plays a decisive role in the realization of the enterprises’ goal of financing and investment strategy. Capital structure is reasonable will directly affect the current and future business development, and even affect the survival of the enterprise. With the development of China's socialist market economy and modern enterprise system, corporate sources of funding and financing have become more diversified capital structure optimization has become a modern enterprise financing the core of decision-making.
Therefore, the paper is on the basis of the theory of capital structure, emphasizing on the purpose and significance of optimizing capital structure for small and medium-sized enterprises, analyzing the existing problems of the capital structure of our country’s enterprises and its causes aiming at the status of the capital structure, as well as the optimal capital structure by using quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Additionally, the paper will propose concrete measures and suggestions to improve capital structure for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Keywords：SMEs；Capital structure；Structure status；Optimization
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