摘要：比特币是近年来发展飞速的一种新型虚拟货币，受到了众多投资者的热捧。比特币有其他虚拟货币所没有的特点:它和普通货币一样可以行使货币的五大职能；它是一种去中心化的匿名货币；它的总量由固定算法控制，将无限接近于一个固定值；它的交易成本低，可自由兑换等等。比特币的发展十分迅速，不仅价值上达到了飞跃，在全世界的使用范围也越来越广泛。正是由于这种迅猛的发展，比特币面临着各种风险：比特币有可能造成通货紧缩、滋生犯罪，比特币系统本身崩溃等等内部外部风险。比特币的出现有其技术、经济、以及社会的原因，本文将从介绍比特币的特点出发，阐述其发展现状，采用定性分析的方法讨论比特币的系统风险以及可能对市场造成的风险，结合目前各国政府及金融监管部门对比特币采取的政策，对比特币未来发展趋势进行预期。
关键词：比特币 去中心化 监管
Abstract: Bitcoin is a new type of virtual currency, which has rapid development in recent years, and now is being pursued by investors Bitcoin has some traits that other kinds of virtual currency do not have. It can execute the Five Functions of common currency; it is a decentralized anonymous currency; it has a fixed amount which is controlled by specific arithmetic; the transaction cost of it is really low, and it can be exchange freely, without any supervision. The development of Bitcoin is extremely fast, and at the same time, Bitcoin has to face several kinds of risks, including inside risk and outside risk: it is possible to generate deflation, illegal activities, and it is possible that the system of Bitcoin would break down, etc. The appearance of Bitcoin has the reasons from technology, economic, and society aspects. This essay will begin with the traits of Bitcoin, introduce its development status, and use the method of qualitative analysis to discuss various kinds of risk of Bitcoin, in the last, I will illustrate the policy of governments in several countries and financial supervision institutions, and give a anticipation of the future development trend of Bitcoin.
Key Words：Bitcoin decentralization control
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