摘要：自从劳动力被看成一种资本品，就有了研究其投资回报和收益率的必要，这样才能把它与其它资本品相对比，在整体投资时做出最优化的决策。
在阐明了人力资本在整体经济发展中的重要性之后，本文探讨了中国的人力资本现状，以及如何通过教育投资对人力资本进行管理与维护，进而进行投资与增值，使其由经济增长众多因素中的短板转化为具有拉动作用的成份及其相关问题。
本文利用Mincer方程对在对样本中个体的的教育程度和工资收入数据进行分析之后，发现与前人的研究相比，人力资本投资的回报率正处在不断上升的趋势中。这对于我们坚定信心，继续重视和增加人力资本相关投资，推动经济增长方式向高技术含量转变，努力发展金融服务业都有重要的意义。
城镇教育投资回报率的相对上升显示了中国劳动力市场正面临挑战。而回报率上升的特征表明制度改革在其中所起到的重要作用。中国的劳动力市场在提高劳动力配置效率和促进劳动力市场一体化方面取得了显著的进步。教育投资回报率上升的另一重要结果是提供了人力资本投资的激励，由此可以预计中国未来劳动力质量将会不同程度地上升。
要迎接经济全球化和知识经济的挑战,就必须充分发挥人力资本在经济增长中的关键作用，而提升中国的人力资本水平要靠进一步地进行有效人力资本投入。本文建议具体的可行办法包括：增加基础教育和继续教育的投入；控制人口数量,并不断提高人口质量；应用现代人才管理先进经验，令人力资本保值增值。
关键字： 人力资本 人力资本投资 Mincer方程 教育回报
Abstract：Human capital is the main, intelligence, and skill on laborers that incarnated by human resource investment. It is another type of capital that composes national fortune with substance capital and it shows by human resource.
After the substance capital, financial capital and other production factore' fully regarding and development, the investment and development of human resource become the biggish potential promoting factor in integer economic. To turn human resource into human capital, we must make essential education and medical treatment investment. Meanwhile, as other capitals, the investment needs the evaluation of the human capital investment effect for us to make a better decision.
This article cards and discusses the fundamental and appliance of human capital theory in different areas over again. Bases on abundant detailed literature and important research by west economists, this article want to analyzes problems according to human capital investment and income by carding antilogy, clarifying theories and re-constructing logic system. This has actual reference meaning for us to optimize national education system and individual action choice.
After clarifying the essentiality of human capital in the development of macroeconomic, this article discusses the status of human capital in China and how to manage and maintain human capital. Furthermore, this article discusses the investment and increment of human capital that will turn human capital from the short factor in the increase of economic into the composition, which has promoting effect.
At the last part, this article makes a demonstration test of education returning rate in Shanghai by using Mincer Equation and it turns out that comparing with former research, the returning rate is increasing. This has important meaning for us to enhance confidence, pay more attention to related investment of human capital, promote the economic growth mode into high technology content and develop financial service industry.
Key words: Human capital Human capital investment Mincer Equation Education retuning
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