摘要：企业外向化程度是衡量经济外向化的一个重要指标。作为地区经济联结世界经济的交结点,我国沿海地区在当前阶段下大力发展外向型航运企业是带动内地经济发展的关键。航运企业是国内进行负债经营的先驱，80年代初就实施贷款购建船舶的策略。时至今日，航运企业在长期借贷经营的过程中，体现出许多问题，比如船舶投资资金缺乏、负债居高不下、还本付息能力低下、企业发展后劲不足等等不利局面。我国的中小航运企业在创办时自有资金是非常有限的，船舶的购入和维修保养都需要大量的资金投入，然而外向型中小航运企业更是直接受国际市场变化的影响，比内向型企业具有更大的风险性。本文分析了我国外向型中小航运企业的借贷经营水平存在的问题以及原因，阐述了我国中小航运企业融资的特点、问题，并针对性的提出了提高我国中小航运企业借贷经营水平、汇率风险管理和融资能力的对策。
关键字：外向型 中小航运企业 借贷经营 融资能力
Abstract：Enterprise export-oriented degree is an important index to measure the export-oriented economy. As the world economy of regional economic linkage is taken, at this stage in the coastal area of our country to develop export-oriented shipping enterprises are an important way of driving the economic development in the mainland.Shipping enterprises are the pioneer of debt management,the early 80's loan purchase shipping strategy. Today,shipping enterprises in the process of long-term lending business, show many problems, such as lack of funds, high ship investment, debt servicing ability is low, enterprises lack of development potential, the unfavorable situation.China's small and medium enterprises in its own funds is very limited, the purchase and repair maintenance will require substantial capital investment, however, the export-oriented small shipping enterprises is directly influenced by the change of international market, is more risky than introverted corporate. This paper analyzes the export-oriented small and medium-sized shipping enterprise debt management problems and the causes, characteristics, and financing of middle and small shipping enterprises in our country, and put forward the countermeasures to improve China's small and medium enterprises operating liabilities level, the exchange rate risk management and financing ability.
Keywords: Export-oriented small shipping company operation on borrowings Financing ability
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