摘 要: 作为市场主体的大型垄断企业而言，由于其垄断地位而不受市场上“看不见的手”的调控，摆脱了既定价格接受者的限制，并且成为了市场价格的制定者和控制者。为了追求其自身利益最大化，它们并不会采取基于社会福利最大化的产品定价方式，而是过度抬高产品定价或乱定价，从而侵害了消费者的利益，扩大了社会福利损失，这就需要对其进行价格规制。
本文主要运用公共规制经济学的基本理论和方法，以我国自然垄断行业中的电信业为例，针对电信资费定价进行价格规制研究。从理论和实证两个方面进行论述。论文首先介绍了本文的研究背景及研究意义，提出了选题的意义。随后对于本文当中出现的相关经济学概念进行了定义，最后对本文涉及到的文献进行了综述。然后对价格上限规制的理论进行研究。主要是针对政府现今实行的价格上限规制，比较分析价格上限规制与原先的投资回报率规制，找出价格上限规制的优缺点。之后是价格上限规制的实证研究。这部分主要是分析中国电信业的特性、发展历程以及现状，以中国电信股份有限公司为例，通过计量经济学的手段预测未来十年间价格上限规制的作用效果如何。通过研究发现，未来十年间，受到价格上限规制的影响，市场上的电信资费总体呈下降趋势，消费者福利得到了明显的改善；但是企业的生产效率在价格上限规制下并没有得到显著的提高，主要原因是虽然设定了上限价格，但是没有设定下限价格，导致大型垄断企业通过大幅度降低资费水平的手段来排挤新进入者的进入，并在部分竞争市场上通过大打价格战来占领市场份额，导致市场恶性竞争氛围的形成。最后是研究结论与展望。总结了目前政府针对电信业实行价格规制的情况以及本文的不足与改进之处。
关键词：价格规制；价格上限规制；电信业；实证分析；预测规制效果
ABSTRACT:Large monopolies as market players due to its monopoly without the regulation and control of the "invisible hand" of the market, get rid of the constraints of the established price taker, and become market price makers and controller. In order to pursue their own interests to maximize,they will not take the product pricing based on the maximization of social welfare, but excessive elevation products price or chaos pricing, which infringes on the rights of consumers, and expand the social welfare loss, which the price regulation need to be.
In this paper, the use of public regulation economics of the basic theory and methods to China's natural monopoly industries in the telecommunications industry, for example, the price for the pricing of telecom tariff regulation studies. From the theoretical and empirical aspects were discussed.First is the introduction. This paper first introduces the research background and significance of the proposed topics of significance. Then the article which appeared in the relevant economic concepts are defined, the last of this paper relates to the literature reviewed.Second is the price cap regulation theory. Mainly for the government to implement the current price cap regulation for theoretical studies, comparative analysis with the original price cap regulation ROI regulation, to identify strengths and weaknesses of price cap regulation.Then is the price cap regulation of empirical research. This part is to analyze the characteristics of China's telecom industry, the development process as well as status to China Telecom Corporation Limited, for example, through the means of econometric forecasting the next decade the role of price cap regulation effectiveness. Through the study found, the next ten years, subject to price cap regulation impact on the market of telecommunications charges overall downward trend in consumer welfare have been significantly improved; But the production efficiency in terms of price cap regulation under has not been significantly improved, the main reason is that although the set ceiling prices, but there is no set minimum prices, leading to large-scale monopoly pricing through a significant reduction in tariff means to enter the exclusion of new entrants and competition in the market through a large part of the price war to capture market share, resulting in a vicious market competition atmosphere.Finally is the conclusion of the study and research prospects.Summarizes the current government price regulation for the telecommunications industry, the situation, this paper discusses the deficiencies and improvements.
Keywords: Price regulation; price cap regulation; telecommunication industry; Empirical Analysis;prediction of the effect of regulation
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