中文摘要:口语教学是英语教学中至关重要的一个环节。然而,在传统的口语课堂上,教师多采用“满堂灌”的方式,学生被动地接受知识,没有机会开口讲英语,从而造成了“哑巴英语”的现象。
新课程改革中强调课程应以学生的学习兴趣、生活体验和认知水平为基础,倡导学习的经验、实践、参与、合作与交流。合作学习主张学生集体完成任务,实现共同目标,对培养学生的合作精神以及自主学习有积极的影响。合作学习理论作为一种教学方法,已经被引入到世界各地的小学或初中英语教学中。
和传统的教学模式相比,合作教学在实践中彰显了很多优势,但在实施过程中仍存在许多问题。本文探讨了初中英语口语教学中合作学习中出现的问题,比如,机械编组、随意制定与分配学习任务、教学评价主观而片面等,同时,针对这些问题,笔者尝试提出了一些可行有效的教学策略和建议,例如,制定切实可行的教学任务、加强合作小组活动的指导、做好合作学习活动的评价等。
关键词:初中英语;口语教学;合作学习
Contents
Acknowledgments
Abstract
中文摘要
1. Introduction-1
2. An Overview of Cooperative Learning-3
2.1 Definition of Cooperative Learning-3
2.2 Characteristics of Cooperative Learning-4
2.2.1 Positive Inter-dependence-4
2.2.2 Face-to-face Promotive Interaction-4
2.2.3 Interpersonal and Small-group Skills-5
2.3 Main Theoretical Basis of Cooperative Learning-5
2.3.1 Motivational Theory-6
2.3.2 Social Interdependence Theory-6
2.3.3 Choice Theory-6
3. Problems of Cooperative Learning in English Speaking Teaching in Junior Middle School-7
3.1 Mechanical Grouping-7
3.2 Casualness of Formulating and Allocating Learning Task-8
3.3 Problems in Group Activities-9
3.3.1 Awkward Silence in Class-9
3.3.2 Lack of Planning for Group Activities-9
3.3.3 Lack of Guidance on Cooperative Skills-9
3.3.4 Subjective and One-sided Teaching Evaluation-10
4. Strategies of Cooperative Learning in English Speaking Teaching in Junior Middle School-11
4.1 Setting up Favorable Conditions for Cooperative Learning-11
4.1.1 Forming Effective Cooperative Learning Group-11
4.1.2 Choosing a Team Leader-11
4.1.3 Promoting Positive Interdependence among Group Members-12
4.2 Developing Practical Teaching Tasks-12
4.3 Strengthening Guidance for Cooperation Group Activities-12
4.4 Conducting Objective and Impartial Evaluation-13
5. Conclusion-14
References-15