Abstract: Hardy was a great critical realist in the late 19th century. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of Hardy’s masterpieces. The story ends with a tragedy, which criticizes the reality and shows the writer’s dissatisfaction with the society. This study aims to analyse the influence of three important male characters on Tess’s tragedy comprehensively. Tess’s father is indolent and vain. Alec who is greedy has true love for Tess at last. Angel who has progressiveness in his ideology is hypocritical and selfish. It is just the direct participation of these three characters who serve as conspirator, direct insulter and executioner respectively that lead to the tragic life of Tess.
Key words: tragedy; John Durbeyfield; Alec D’Urbervilles; Angel Clare
摘要：哈代是十九世纪晚期伟大的批判现实主义作家。《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代代表作之一。故事以悲剧结尾给读者强烈的痛苦的感受和印象，表达了哈代对现实的批判以及对社会的不满，这是哈代典型的写作手法。本文旨在能够较完整的对影响苔丝命运的三个重要的男性进行分析。苔丝父亲懒惰且虚荣，亚雷虽然贪婪，但是后来对苔丝也付出了真爱，安吉尔虽然在思想上有其进步的一面，但他虚伪且自私，所有这一切都成为了苔丝命运悲剧的重要原因。正是苔丝的父亲、亚雷和安吉尔三个男性的直接参与，并且分别担当了共谋者、直接伤害者和刽子手的角色才导致了苔丝悲剧性的一生。
关键词：悲剧；约翰·德伯； 亚雷·德伯； 安吉尔·克莱
Tess’s tragedy is closely linked with her family’s decline. But it is clear that Tess’s father makes little effort to maintain his family in comfort. He spends his time thinking of ways to restore his family name to its former grandeur. It is his drinking and irregular energy for work that lead to the decline of the family. He is concerned about his reputation. The sense of his own dignity prevents him to get a job. Alec makes use of Tess’s poverty and pureness, and tricks her and possesses her. He brings endless pain to Tess, ruins her life and leaves her in lifelong regret. On the other hand, Alec does have true love for Tess. Although his true love cannot stop Tess’s tragic fate, he really helps Tess a lot. Angel objects to the religion fetters, despises corrupt customs and seeks the ideal in rural life. He regards Tess as the incarnation of pureness to adore and pursue. But when Tess confesses to Angel the affair of Alec on the wedding night, he casts her off ruthlessly. His conduct accelerates her course of tragedy.
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